미국 트럼프정부와 바이든정부의 대중국 무역정책 비교: 왜 유사한 보호무역정책을 펴고 있을까?
An Analysis of Trump Government's Trade Policy toward China : A Comparative Study with Biden's Trade Policy Toward China
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초록
트럼프정부는 중국에 대해 고관세부과를 하는 무역전쟁을 주도했다. 트럼프정부에 의해 시작된 미국의 대중국 보호무역정책은 바이든정부에 의해서도 유지되고 있다. 왜 트럼프정부는 중국에 대해 보호무역정책을 채택했는가? 왜 트럼프정부를 비판하며 집권한 바이든정부는 중국에 대해 같은 보호무역정책을 채택하는 것인가? 미국의 대중국 보호무역정책의 본질은 무엇인가? 연구결과는 트럼프정부와 바이든정부의 대중국 보호무역정책은 무역적자 축소의 목적과 더불어 중국의 첨단기술력 견제의 필요성에 기인했음을 확인하고 있다. 4차산업시대의 경제력을 결정하는 첨단기술력을 급격히 증진시키는 중국을 견제하지 않을 경우 경제패권 유지가어렵다는 인식을 트럼프와 바이든정부가 공유하면서 양 정부가 중국에 대해 동일한 보호무역정책을 추진하는 것이다.
Abstract
Trump' government had initiated trade war against China by imposing high level of tariffs. The U.S. protectionist trade policy with China, initiated bt the Trump government, is also maintained by the Biden government. Why did the Trump government adopt a protectionist trade policy against China? Why does the Biden government, which took power criticizing Trump government, adopt the same protectionst trade policy against China? What is the nature of the U.S.'s trade policy with China? The research results confirmed that the Trump' government and the Biden government's protectionst trade policy with China were due to the need to check China's high-tech capabilities along with the purpose of reducing the trade deficit. The Trump government and the Biden government share the view that it will be difficult to maintain US economic hegemony unless China, which sharply strengthens its high-tech capabilities that determine economic power in the fourth industrial era, is pushing for the same protectionist trade policy against China.
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