깔리다싸(Kālidāsa)의 서정시에 나타난 비유 고찰_인도철학적인 의미를 중심으로

Abstract

There are two lyrical poems written by Kālidāsa, namely Meghadūtam and Ṛtusaṁhāram. Among these, Meghadūtam shows Indian Weltanschauung(world view) through the metaphor that everything is one. On the other hand, Ṛtusaṁhāram expresses the essence of Indian Mysticism through the beauty of season-changing expressed by metaphors that ānanda equals to the spirituality and its ultimatum which were sublated from the profane to the sacred dialectically. The rasa guarantees these characters through the comparison like simile and metaphor, or the combined weaving of simile and metaphor by personification of the nature. The personification comes up by the metaphor, and the metaphor was strengthen by combined weaving of simile and metaphor. On the base of new meaning of the words which were made through newly strengthen metaphor, methods were ready to extract Śṛṁgārarasa. Śṛṁgārarasa is the best among the rasas. Rasa occurs to the person who watches art objects when sattvaguṇa presses rajoguṇa and tamoguṇa and ascends. So sattvaguṇa of the person who can feel rasa which was strengthened through the metaphor reflected on Kālidāsa's lyrical poems ascends. That is to say, he reaches nirbījasamādhi. So we get to know the metaphors in Kālidāsa's lyrical poems is nothing but mechanisms which are nirvana-oriented ultimately. If we borrow the words of Bhagavadgītā, it means maximum experience of Brahma which is the core of all beings and beyond the moral judgement like right or wrong through the appreciation of literatures. Like this, the fact that the metaphors in Kālidāsa's lyrical poems has orientation to mokṣa shows it is very much like general trends of Indian philosophy.