학교폭력에서 지배성 매개요소 및 학급 내 불평등한 지위 구조의 영향
The Influence of Dominance Factor and the Inequality Structure of Peer Status in the Classroom on School Violence
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본 연구는 학생들에게 잠재하는 지배성의 표출(manifestations) 관점으로 학교폭력 가해행위를 접근하여 지배성이 어떤 매개체를 통하여 학교폭력으로 표출되는지를 분석하고 이 과정에서 학급 내 불평등한 지위 구조의 영향을 분석하였다. 지배성은 권력의지를 가진 모든 사람이 주변 환경이나 타인의 행동을 통제하려는 욕구로써 강압적이며 자기 확신적인 행동으로 이끄는 실재이다. 지배성이 경험적인 학교폭력으로 표출하기 위해서는 지배성을 담지하여 통로화(channelling)시키는 매개체로서 현상적인 요소가 필요한데, 본 연구는 삶의 과정에서 축적된 경험과 요소로서 성(性), 가정환경, 공격성, 인기도 등을 고려하였다. 학급 내 불평등한 지위 구조는 학급 내 친구관계의 수신중심도의 Gini 계수로 측정한 학급 내 친구관계의 불평등 정도로 측정하였다. 본 연구는 5개 남녀공학 중학교 1학년 31학급 841명을 대상으로 학생 특성과 친구관계를 조사하였다. 연구 결과는 지배성의 매개체로서 성(性), 가정의 사회경제적 지위, 공격성, 인기도(popularity) 모두 학교폭력 가해행위와 유의미한 관계를 보였다. 또한 학급 내 또래 지위의 불평등은 가정환경 및 공격성과 상호작용하여 학교폭력 가해행위를 더욱 증폭시키는 것으로 나타났다. 학급 내 또래 지위 불평등의 영향은 해당 학급에서 개별 학생들의 또래 지위를 두드러지게 돌출시켜서 학생들의 위치가 가시적으로 되고 인기가 있는 학생과 그렇지 못한 학생들의 구별에 원인이 있을 수 있다. 학교폭력을 예방하기 위해서는 지배성을 담지하는 매개적인 요소를 대상으로 표적 개입할 필요성이 있다. 또한 구조적 접근으로 또래 관계의 불평등 정도가 커서 지위 구조가 위계화된 학급을 대상으로 또래 관계의 편차를 줄여 힘의 불균형을 줄이는 노력이 필요하다.
Abstract
This study approaches the behavior of school violence as the manifestations of potential dominance in students, analyzes the medium through which dominance is expressed as school violence, and analyzes the influence of the unequal status structure within the class in this process. Dominance is a motive that leads to coercive and self-confident behavior by people with will to power to control their surroundings or the behavior of others. In order for dominance to be expressed as school violence, medium elements that carries dominance and channelizes it are necessary, and this study considered sex, family background, aggression, and popularity as experiences and factors accumulated in the process of life. The structure of unequal status within the class stands for the inequality of the friendships within the class, measured by the Gini coefficient of the input degree centrality of the friendships in the class. This study sampled 841 students in 31 classes in the first grade of five coeducational middle schools located in Seoul. The results of the study showed that sex, family socioeconomic status, aggression, and popularity as mediators of dominance all had a significant relationship with school violence. In addition, it was found that the inequality of peer status in the class further amplifies the behavior of school violence by interacting with family background and aggression. Peer status inequality makes individual students' peer status stand out in the class, making the student's position visible. As a result, it distinguishes between popular students and those who are not. In order to prevent school violence, it is necessary to target intervening mediators that carry dominance. In addition, as a structural approach, it is necessary to reduce the disparity of power by reducing the deviation of peer relations for classes whose position structure is hierarchical due to the high degree of inequality in peer relations.
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