네트워크 실패에 기반한 신산업정책론의 가능성과 한계
The Possibilities and Limits of Network Failure-based New Industrial Policy Discourses
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본고는 동아시아의 발전경험에 기반한 추격형 산업정책론과 미국의 경험에 토대를 둔 네트워크 실패에 기반한 신산업정책론의 논의들을 비판적으로 검토한다. 네트워크 실패에 기반한 신산업정책론은 네트워크가 시장과 국가 또는 위계에 대한 제3의 조정양식이라는 점을 강조하지만, 이러한 위치에서 발생하는, 정(+)의 경제적 이득으로 자동적으로 귀결되는 것이 아니라는 구체적인 상황과 메커니즘에 대한 논의가 미약하다는 점을 지적한다. 국가 또는 사적 자본의 규율을 견제할 수 있는 민주적·시민적·생태적 규율을 수반하는 실질적 정치권력의 행사와 강제, 즉 파워 헤게모니의 구축이 네트워크 실패에 기반한 산업정책의 성공여부에 가장 핵심적인 요인 중의 하나임을 강조한다.
Abstract
This paper critically reviews existing work on developmental state for catch-ups based upon the East Asian development and recent studies on developmental network state for innovation based on the American experience. The recent work on network failure-based industrial policy discourses emphasizes networks as the third coordination mechanism against market and state or hierarchy. However, it lacks some discussions about the specific circumstances and mechanisms which would be derived from in-between-ness and thus would not only result in positive economic gains. Given this, the building up of power hegemony, i.e. the excise and compulsion of de facto political power involving democratic, civic and ecological disciplines through checks and balances against those of state and capital, can be considered as one of the most critical factors in determining whether the success or failure of network failure-based industrial policies.
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