목회상담에 있어서 심리학과 신학의 관계에 대한 연구
On the relationship between psychology and theology in christian counseling
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심리학과 신학은 적대적이고 배타적인 상반관계가 아니라 상호 보완적인 조화와 통일성의 관계이다. 비록 일반심리학이 하나님을 이해하는데 있어서 신학과 다르다고 할지라도 인간으로 하여금 그가 당하고 있는 고통을 극복하고 혹은 치유할 수 있도록 도와준다는 점에서 신학의 현실성과 결코 분리되지 않는다. 심리학은 인간의 구조적인 어려운 현실을 그대로 파악하고 보여주는 과학으로서 신학에 가장 가까운 인간학이다. 하나님은 인간에게 필요한 진리를 피조세계를 통한 일반계시와 예수 그리스도를 통한 특별계시로 나타내 주었을 뿐만 아니라 이 두 계시가 통일과 조화를 이루게 했다. 낯과 밤이 조화를 이루듯이 거룩함과 세속이 통일을 이루며 하나님과 인간이 통일을 이룬다. 현대 후기심리학은 과학적인 인간이해에 있어서도 초기의 심리학에서 주장한 인간이해와는 다른 전인적인 인간이해에 도달했다. 이것은 성서에 나타난 히브리 인간관과 맥락을 같이 하며 인간이 당면한 어려움을 관찰하고 해결하는 데에 매우 획기적인 발전이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 동시에 이러한 두 분야의 접근은 양자가 통일을 이루는데 매우 중요한 동기가 될 것이다. 물론 신학과 심리학의 통일 문제는 멀고 험한 길이다. 특히 지금까지 그들은 서로 적대시하고 무용한 것으로 평가하는 편견 때문에 더욱 그렇다. 이런 점에서 볼 때 우리는 신학과 심리학의 조화적인 관계성을 성서에서 확인할 수 있는 진리를 근거로 시도하지 않으면 안 된다. 신학과 심리학의 조화적인 통일성은 이 두 분야의 전문가들이 타협적으로 만드는 것이 아니라 이미 계시된 것으로 발견하는 것이다. 다른 말로 표현하면 하나님이 과학과 성서에서 계시한 조화의 진리를 발견해야 한다. 이러한 통일성으로 가는데 가장 걸림돌이 되는 것은 서로에 대하여 폐쇄적이고 배타적인 사고방식이다. 신학과 심리학은 각각 자기 절대화와 이기적인 태도를 버리고 상대방의 고유성을 인정하면서도 서로 분리하지 않고 조화를 필요로 하는 통일성을 가져야 한다. 필자는 그러한 가능성을 위한 모범으로 요셉과 이집트인의 관계역사에서 나타난 하나님의 뜻을 독자에게 다시 한번 확인 시키고 싶다.
Abstract
The relation of psychology and theology is not hostile, exclusive nor contrary to each other but mutually complementary, harmonized und united. Even though general psychology has a different understanding of man from that of christian theology, it can not be separated from the reality of theology in the sense that it helps a man to overcome or to heal the pains from which he is suffering. Psychology is the most nearest anthropology to theology as a science which understands and shows the structural, difficult reality of human situation. God has revealed us his truth not only through the nature world which he created but also through Jesus Christ and made the both of his revelations harmonized in united. The holy and the secular, God and man are harmonized in unity as day and night in harmony. The post modern psychology has arrived a holistic understanding in it's scientific view of man different from that which it maintained in the earlier time. This view is in the same context of the hebrew view of man confirmed in the Bible and made the epoch-making development to find and resolve the difficult problems we are facing. At the same time we can hope the approaching of the two fields will be important momentum to reach the unity of the both. The problem of unity between psychology and theology is of course difficult to be resolved. I think it more difficult because of the prejudice that they have been so far hostile and negative to each other. In this sense we need to find the harmonized relationship between psychology and theology on the ground of the truth confirmed in the Bible. The harmonized unity of psychology and theology is not a matter to be made by the compromise of the specialists of both fields but a matter to be observed as revealed in the Bible. In other words we are to find the truth of harmony God revealed in the science and the Bible. The biggest blocking on the way to this unity ist the closed and exclusive thinking attitude. Theology and Psychology must give up their self absolutization and egoism and must recognize the peculiarity of each other. Then they will reach the point of harmonized unity necessary for them. I want to confirm once again the plan of God revealed in the model history of harmony between Joseph and the Egyptians.
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