이방인으로서의 타자를 위한 환대 담론 - 데리다와 사도 바울의 세계시민주의를 중심으로 -

Abstract

The history of cosmopolitanism is as deeply rooted in ideology as the history of Hellenistic philosophy. Within the horizon of cosmopolitanism began with the Cynics school of Hellenistic philosophy and passed through the Stoics, the first paradigm shift occurred by the Apostle Paul who had a vision through the Christian gospel. In thought of cosmopolitanism developed by Augustine, Aquinas, and Luther who inherited Paul’s thought, the second paradigm shift occurred by Kant who embodied conditional hospitality as tolerance. Moreover, Derrida attempts the third paradigm shift for cosmopolitanism that goes far beyond conditional hospitality and encompasses the unconditional hospitality that lies on the horizon of aporia - possibility of impossibility. At the root of cosmopolitanism is the universal dignity of human beings through love for humanity, the equality of all human beings, the orientation of a new world in which we share common love with the citizenship of the world, the coexistence of cosmopolitanism with the citizenship of nations and peoples, the cosmopolitan citizenship, and a space where true hospitality is practiced. Cosmopolitanism is a discourse that does not take into account cultural relativism, homogenizing globalization, cultural imperialism, cultural colonialism, globalization, etc. On the other hand, there are two types of discourse on hospitality as a foundation for cosmopolitanism. Kant’s conditional hospitality as tolerance and Derrida’s unconditional hospitality are just that. In especially the conditional hospitality as opposed to unconditional hospitality, it is a ‘subject-centered hospitality’ that is interested in the host rather than the guest, the subject rather than the object, the subjectivity rather than the otherness, and the own people rather than the stranger. The purpose of this study is to discuss two dimensions of cosmopolitanism through the discourse of hospitality for the ‘other as strangers’. Furthermore, I will address the two types of hospitality discourses that operate as the basis or foundation of cosmopolitanism. One is Kant’s conditional hospitality that establishes cosmopolitanism and the other is Derrida’s unconditional hospitality. Eventually the purpose of this study is to deal with Derrida-style discourse of unconditional hospitality that ultimately goes beyond Kantian discourse of conditional hospitality and Paul’s discourse of hospitality in the same way.