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EU 권한분배와 보충성 원칙의 실제적 적용

Competence Distribution in the EU and Actual Operation of the Principle of Subsidiarity

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한국세계지역학회 (The Korean Association Of Area Studies)|2009.04|세계지역연구논총 (The Korean Journal of Area Studies)|제27권 제1호|pp. 219-253

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보충성 원칙유럽연합European Union연방주의Federalism유럽사법재판소선결적 판결Principle of Subsidiaritythe Court of JusticePreliminary Ruling
주제분류정치외교학

초록

보충성의 원칙은 EU의 다층적 구조에서 권한이 어떻게 분배되고 또 어떻게 행사되 어야 할 것인가라는 수직적 권한분배 문제에 대한 기본 원칙으로, 1992년 마스트리히 트 조약에서 국가 이익의 잠식을 방지하고 회원국의 권한을 보호하기 위한 안전장치로 서 도입되었다. 그러나 EU의 통합과정에서 보충성의 원칙은 본연의 분권적 기능을 수 행하기보다는 오히려 회원국들의 이익을 잠식하고 통합을 심화하는 중앙집권적 효과를 가져왔다. 보충성 원칙의 개념과 적용기준이 명확하지 않은 제도적 구조 속에서 정치적 ㆍ전략적 행위자인 유럽사법재판소가 원칙에 대한 중앙집권적 해석과 친공동체적 판결 을 내려왔기 때문이다. 한편, 유럽사법재판소는 정치적 지지의 유무, 지역의 존재, 소송 의 종류로부터 일정한 영향을 받고 있으며, 선결적 판결에 한하여 원칙에 대한 분권적 해석을 내리는 특징을 보여준다. 보충성 원칙에 대한 이러한 연구는 EU뿐만 아니라 다층적 구조를 가진 모든 형태의 정치체를 이해하는 데에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

The principle of subsidiarity is the ground rule for vertical competence distribution in the EU’s multi-level governance system. In 1992, member states introduced the principle, hoping that it would prevent the Community from strengthening its competences. However, the principle has brought not decentralizing effects but centralizing effects, and intensified integration. In the circumstances that there is no objectively clear standards for applying the principle, the European Court of Justice has shown a strong penchant for centralizing interpretation of the principle. These strategic behaviors of the ECJ have led the integrating effects of the subsidiarity principle. The fact that all cases in which the ECJ delivered decentralizing interpretation of the principle are ‘preliminary rulings’ relating to ‘democratic subsidiarity’ implies the possibility of correlation between sub-national governance and decentralizing effect of the principle.

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