탈(脫)현실사회주의 이후 중부유럽 자유주의: 평가와 전망
Central European Liberalism since the Post-Realsocialism: Views and Prospects
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중부유럽 자유주의는 현실사회주의체제의 변혁을 전후로 기존 체제에 대한 대안으로배태되기 시작했다. 중부유럽 자유주의가 고전적 또는 전통적 자유주의 개념 및 내용들과 어느 정도 합치될 수 있는가의 문제는 매우 중요하다. 중부유럽은 역사적으로 경제적 후진성 때문에 기존 자유주의 개념과 내용들에 해당되기 어렵다. 중부유럽 자유주의는 개인주의, 시장경제, 자유민주주의, 법치주의를 중시하면서 자유주의의 본질을 구현하기 위하여 생성된 것이 아니다. 즉 자유주의 자체를 중부유럽에 구현하기보다 ‘자유화’를 위한 전략적 도구로 채택되었다. 초기 자유주의를 표방하는 정당들이 대중들의지지를 받았다. 그러나 전환과정에서 구 체제로부터 계속되는 강력한 요소들(강력한 국가, 구 시대 엘리트의 잔존, 부패 등)로 인하여 중부유럽 자유주의는 혼란을 겪고 있다. 그럼에도 자유주의에 대한 또 다른 대안은 찾기 어렵고, 점진적이고 완만한 체제전환을통하여 장기적으로 안정적 자유주의가 구현될 것으로 전망된다.
Abstract
Central European Liberalism had been adopted as an alternative of the former realsocialist system before and after its collapse. A matter of coincidence between Central European Liberalism and concepts and contents of classical and/or traditional liberalism is very important. Historically, Central Europe cannot apply the classical and/or traditional concept of liberalism because of its economic backwardness. Central European Liberalism had not been generated to realize the nature of liberalism focusing on individualism, market economy, liberal democracy, and constitutionalism. It means that liberalism had been selected as a strategic tool for the liberalization rather than realizing the liberalism itself. In the early days, political parties that advocated liberalism were supported by the public. However, in the process of system transition, Central European liberalism is plunged in confusion due to the still remaining powerful factors (e.g. strong state,remaining elites from the old system, corruption etc.) from the former realsocialist system. Nevertheless, due to the difficulties of finding an alternative of the liberalism,a stable liberalism will be materialized through the gradual and progressive system transition in the long run.
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