Die Einwirkung der Europäischen Integration: Europäisierung in der Umweltpolitik in Deutschland
The Impact of European Integration: Europeanization of the Environment Policy in Germany
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초록
Das Interesse an der Europäischen Integration bewegt sich entlang der Europäisierung d.h., der Auswirkung der Europäischen Integration, besonders der Europäischen Union (EU) auf der nationalen Ebene der Mitgliedstaaten. Die meisten Autoren, die sich mit der Europäisierung beschäftigen, untersuchen die Auswirkungen der Europäischen Integration auf nationale Akteure, Prozesse und Strukturen. Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die Wirkungsweisen der Europäisierung in den Unweltpolitikbereich zu untersuchen. Seit der Europäischen Einheitlichen Akte (EEA) wurde Umweltschutz als eine Kompetenz der EU eingeräumt. Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen EU Regulationen und Richtlinien implementieren. Daher werde ich nach dem von Börzel und Risse vorgestellten Ansatz die Wirkungen der drei Richtlinien der Umweltpolitik zu analysieren suchen. Unter drei Richtlinien konnte konkreter Anpassungsdruck aus Misfit gefunden werden. Der Grad des Misfit und die Weise der Anpassung variierten hinsichtlich jeder Richtlinien. Aber die Akteurskonstellationen, die in diesem Ansatz als intervenierende Variable fungierten waren wichtiger als die strukturelle Komponente für den Wandel.
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to clarify that the focus of research has been moving from European integration to Europeanization. The European Union has achieved a substantial level of integration through the delegation of authority from member states, thus Europeanization focuses on researching the impact of European integration, especially the impact of European integration on each member states. Most studies of Europeanization analyze the influences of European integration on national policy, politics, and polity. As the Single European Act came into effect, environmental policy was laid under the jurisdiction of European Union, and therefore the member states must fulfill the regulations and directives adopted by an EU institution. The environmental policy, is the field where positive integration has been achieved and thus are chosen as a case to be analyzed for the impact of Europeanization, since the environmental policy demonstrates the highest possibilities for member states to enforce the implementation of the EU’s legal act. Accordingly, this research aims to analyse the European Union’s three environmental directives: domestic impact based on the Europeanization theories by Börzel and Risse. The differences between the European environmental legislative activity and the domestic conditions of Germany(Misfit) act as the pressure for domestic compliance and/or engender domestic changes. The domestic factors are crucial for the changes, serving as the intervening variable.
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