비공식 핵 보유 국가가 공식적 핵보유 국가로부상하는 단계적 전략: 인도의 ‘4단계 핵보유 전략 프로그램’을 중심으로
The Phased Strategy to rise from an Unofficial Nuclear Power to Official Nuclear Power : Focused on Four-Step Nuclear Power Program of India
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핵무기의 보유가 강대국의 지표가 되는 현실 속에서 인도는 미국으로부터 공식적인핵보유국의 지위를 인정받았다. 이렇게 인도가 공식적인 핵무기 보유 국가로 인정받게된 것은 우연적인 정책 결과가 아니라 단계적으로 추진된 핵정책의 결과라고 할 수 있다. 그렇다면 독립 이후 추진해온 인도의 전략적 핵정책의 특징은 무엇인가? 인도는독립 이후 어떠한 핵 보유 전략을 추진하여 탈 냉전시대에 이르러 공식적인 핵 보유국가가 되었는가? 본 논문의 목적은 독립 이후 인도가 추진해온 핵무기 보유의 단계적과정을 분석하여 인도의 핵정책의 특징을 설명하는 것에 있다. 결론적으로 인도는 1단계 핵 이중성 전략, 2단계 핵 모호성 전략, 3단계 핵 정당성 전략, 4단계 핵 보유 인정전략을 추진했고 현재 핵을 보유한 강대국으로 부상하였다. 그리고 미국과 함께 남아시아 지역에서 ‘아시아 균형정책’의 한 축을 지탱하고 있다. 핵을 보유한 초강대국 인도의 핵보유 결정, 과정, 그리고 인정에 관한 일련의 단계는 핵무기를 보유하려는 국가혹은 비공식적으로 핵무기를 보유하고 있지만 핵보유국으로 인정받지 못하고 있는 국가들에게 전략적 답습 방향이 될 수 있다는 점에서 중요한 함의를 갖는다.
Abstract
Whether a state has nuclear bombs or not is a crucial criterion of distinguishing a great power. In 2005, India concluded a civilian nuclear deal with US. It means US admitted india’s nuclear bombs officially. So, India rose to a great power in Post Cold war. This rising of a great india with nuclear bombs is the result of India’s having carried out a nuclear policy by stages. That is, India’s nuclear power is not an accidental result but a intentional result from nuclear policy. What is something striking about india’s nuclear policy? How did India become a nuclear power? This article traces the escalating process on india’s nuclear possession. India has carried out the nuclear programs consisting of four stages since it became independent. The first stage is the nuclear dualism. The second stage is the nuclear ambiguity. The third stage is the nuclear legitimacy. The fourth stage is the nuclear power. In post-cold war, the time of US-China’s hegemonic competition, India that refers to moral and democratic state with strong economic power is organizing one axis of ‘re-balancing in asia’ with US in indian ocean.
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