이븐 타이미야의 기독교 비판과 시아파에 대한 타자화 전략
Ibn Taymiyyah’s Criticism of Christianity and His Strategy of Othering the Shia
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이 논문은 중세 맘루크조 시대의 순니 법학이자 교리 논쟁 이론가였던 이븐 타이미야(Ibn Taymiyya, 1263~1328)의 시아파에 대한 타자화 전략에 대해 다루고자 한다. 이븐 타이미야는 시아파와 기독교의 공통점을 반복적으로 언급하고 둘 사이의 연관성을 부각함으로써, 시아파가 이슬람 공동체 일원이라기보다는 오히려 기독교도와 유사성이 더 많다는 점을 부각하는 타자화 전략을 구사했다.
Abstract
This paper examines Ibn Taymiyyah’s (1263-1328) strategies for othering Shia Islam during the Mamluk period, focusing on his rhetorical linkage between Shia and Christian beliefs. Ibn Taymiyyah repeatedly highlighted perceived similarities between the two groups, arguing that Shia practices deviated from orthodox Sunni Islam and shared more commonalities with Christianity. This “othering” tactic aimed to delegitimize Shia identity within the Sunni Muslim community. The paper analyzes Ibn Taymiyyah’s key works, including Al-Jawāb al-Sahīḥ li Man Baddala Dīn al-Masīḥ (The Correct Response to Those Who Altered the Religion of Christ), Minhāj al-Sunna al-Nabawiyya (The Path of the Prophet’s Sunna), and his fatwa “A Response to the Imami Rafidah” (Jawāb ‘an al-Rāfiḍa al-Imāmiyya), comparing his critiques of Christianity and Shia Islam. This paper reveals his strategy of using Christian theological criticisms as a framework to marginalize Shia beliefs, thereby reinforcing Sunni identity during a period of political and religious upheaval marked by Mongol incursions and the Ilkhanate’s fluctuating religious policies. The conclusion considers how Ibn Taymiyyah’s othering tactics helped shape Sunni self-understanding and potentially contributed to later sectarian conflicts.