이슬람 역사에서 종파주의 관련 용어의 등장 배경
The Historical Background of Terms Related with Sectarianism in Islam
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical background of sectarian terms in Islam used in online. As the conflicts in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen have increased, hostile expressions based on sectarianism are increased sharply in online, SNS, and media channels. After following the Syrian civil war and IS's violent activities in Iraq and Syria, some derogatory anti-Shi'ite terms have appeared. They are Rafidha, Hizb al-Shaytan, Majus, Nusayri, and Safawi. And some hostile anti-Sunni terms also have appeared. They are Wahhabi, Takfiri, and Umawi. However, the use of hostile sectarian anti-Shi'a and anti-Sunni terms is not a new phenomenon, they have deep historical backgrounds. Since 2011 Arab Spring, the number of Arabs using online social networks has grown dramatically from 60 to 81%. It means they can discuss and communicate each other in online on the politics, Muslim societies, and religion. Most of the anti-Shi'a sectarian terms are related with the history of Rafidha, Nusayri(or Alawite), and Safawid, and most of the anti-Sunni sectarian terms are related with the history of Wahhabism and Umayyid. The future of sectarianism in the Middle East will be decided by increasing amount of counter-sectarian rhetorics.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical background of sectarian terms in Islam used in online. As the conflicts in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen have increased, hostile expressions based on sectarianism are increased sharply in online, SNS, and media channels. After following the Syrian civil war and IS's violent activities in Iraq and Syria, some derogatory anti-Shi'ite terms have appeared. They are Rafidha, Hizb al-Shaytan, Majus, Nusayri, and Safawi. And some hostile anti-Sunni terms also have appeared. They are Wahhabi, Takfiri, and Umawi. However, the use of hostile sectarian anti-Shi'a and anti-Sunni terms is not a new phenomenon, they have deep historical backgrounds. Since 2011 Arab Spring, the number of Arabs using online social networks has grown dramatically from 60 to 81%. It means they can discuss and communicate each other in online on the politics, Muslim societies, and religion. Most of the anti-Shi'a sectarian terms are related with the history of Rafidha, Nusayri(or Alawite), and Safawid, and most of the anti-Sunni sectarian terms are related with the history of Wahhabism and Umayyid. The future of sectarianism in the Middle East will be decided by increasing amount of counter-sectarian rhetorics.
참고문헌 (35)
- 김정위, "이슬람 사상의 형성과 발전" (2000), 아카넷
- 손주영, "이슬람" (2005), 일조각
- 이희수, "이슬람" (2001), 청아출판사
- 황병하, "이슬람사상의 이해" (1998), 조선대학교출판부
- 황병하, "이슬람역사" (2009), 조선대학교출판부
- 황병하, "아랍 스프링 이후 중동의 신 극단주의 등장에 대한 연구", 중동문제연구, 15(1), pp.35~112 (2016), 중동문제연구소
- 황병하, "사우디 내 IS 극단주의 확산과 와하비주의 논쟁, 그리고 사우디 정부의 대응", 한국이슬람학회논총, 27(2), pp.61~100 (2017), 한국이슬람학회
- 황병하, "이슬람 종교운동의 역사" (2017), 조선대학교출판부
- 황병하, "GCC 국가별 족벌주의와 종파주의의 상호연관성 연구", 한국이슬람학회논총, 28(3), pp.61~100 (2018), 한국이슬람학회
- 황병하, "종파주의 관점에서 본 시리아 사태", 한국중동학회논총, 39(3), pp.49~84 (2019), 한국중동학회[DOI]
- "The New Sectarianism: The Arab Uprising and the Rebirth of the Shi’a-Sunni Divide" (2013)[URL]
- "Bahrain: Renewing Incarceration of Human Rights Defender ’Nabeel Rajab’ is flagrant Violation of International Charters, ANHRI Says" (2015)[URL]
- "Saudi-Iran Rivalry Over Yemen Deepens Mideast Sectarianism" (2015)[URL]
- "Yemen Conflict Raises Sectarian Temperature in Yemen" (2015)[URL]
- "Shiite Militias Announce ‘Here I Am, O Husayn’ Campaign for Sunni Ramadi" (2015)[URL]
- "At Least 142 Killed in ISIL Bombings of Yemen Shia Mosques" (2015)[URL]
- Gibb, H.A.R., "Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam" (1974), E. J. Brill
- Glasse, Cyril, "The New Encyclopedia of Islam" (2013), Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc
- "Turmoil in Yemen Escalates as Saudi Arabia Bombs Rebels" (2015)[URL]
- "Iraqi Forces Slowed by Snipers and Bombs in Tikrit" (2015)[URL]
- "Deaths in Blast Near Shia Mosque in Saudi City" (2015)[URL]
- "ISIL Claims Responsibility for Kuwait Shia Mosque Blast" (2015)[URL]
- Liu, Yabing, "The Tweets They Are a-Changin: Evolution of Twitter Users and Behavior", 8th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (2014)
- "Saudi Arabia Says Military Push Will Last Until Yemen Stable" (2015)[URL]
- "The Arab Social Media Report 2014" (2014)[URL]
- Muhammad Amin Ghalib al-Tawil, "Ta'rikh al-Alawīyīn" (1966), Dār al-Andalus
- "Social Networking Popular Across Globe" (2012)[URL]
- Siegel, Alexandra, "Twitter Wars: Sunni-Shia Conflict and Cooperation in the Digital Age, Beyond Sunni and Shia" (2016), Oxford University Press
- Sulaymān al-Ḥalabī, "Ṭā'ifat al-Nuṣayriyya" (1979), al-Maṭba'a al- Salafiyya
- "Iraqi Forces Push Toward Tikrit as They Seek to Dislodge ISIS" (2015)[URL]
- Wehrey, Frederic, "Sectarian Politics in the Gulf: From the Iraq to the Arab Upspring" (2013), Columbia University Press
- "The United States is Providing Air Cover for Ethnic Cleansing in Iraq" (2015)[URL]
- "Sectarianism and Authoritarianism in Kuwait" (2015)[URL]
- "The Vocabulary of Sectarianism" (2014)[URL]