통신사를 통한 한ㆍ일 문학 교류의 전개 양상 -『淺草文庫書目解題』 소재 필담창화집을 자료로 하여-

Abstract

This study will examine from the perspective of history of literature how literary exchange between Korea and Japan developed in the late period of Joseon Dynasty. With literary studies output accumulating today, there is a need to classify developments into different time phases. As an attempt to that end, this study examines the development process of literary exchange based on “the Category of Written Conversation with Korean Guests (韓客筆談類)” recorded in Asakusa Library Catalogue Bibliographical Introductions. The Asakusa library consists of collections of books transferred from schools that originally received support of the Japan’s feudal government. The collection of Written Conversation in this catalogue, which was mainly from the collection of Shouhei Zaka National School (昌平坂學問所), can be regarded as the most widely known collection of diplomatic letters in Japan. When the periodic development of the collection of Written Conversation recorded in Asakusa Library Catalogue Bibliographical Introductions is examined, it can be seen that as the class in charge changed, aspects of the exchange of men of letters between Korea and Japan changed accordingly. With the range of the class in charge of the Korea-Japan exchange used as criteria, the development can be divided into four phases: the 1st to 7th mission, the 8th to 9th mission, the 10th to 11th mission, and the 12th mission periods. The class in charge during the first phase comprised of the president of national school(大學頭) and a few people close to him. In the second phase the class in charge went beyond the Hayasi family(林家) and rapidly expanded to include the former ministers and medical officers of the feudal and regional governments. This expanded further in the third phase beyond the government and into the civilian population. In the fourth phase, however, it contracted and narrowed to a small mania group. The major reason for such changes is related to the growth of Japan’s literate class of classical Chinese. The reason for the exchange of men of letters becoming full-fledged starting with the 7th mission was that this was the period in which a literary class with knowledge of Chinese classics had developed to a certain level within Japan. The compilation of The Comprehensive History of Japan(本朝通鑑) which began in 1644 by the Hayasi family on the order of the feudal government was completed in 1670, and the scholars who participated in this became the class in charge of the literary exchange between Korea and Japan. Following the advancement of Japan, Korea appointed a court recorder and three writing clerks to the missions and further supported the exchange of men of letters between the two nations. During the 8th and 9th missions, the class in charge expanded in size with scholars who studied neo- Confucianism at the center, and there were active exchanges of poetry and prose. During the 10th and 11th missions, the exchange of men of letters between the two nations became more diverse and complex. And for the first time, in Japan’s Chinese literary class there appeared what can be considered a ‘literary discussion’ in the form of study on ‘the old phrases and syntax’(古文辭), that confronted the men of letters from Joseon. Going beyond just communicating through classical Chinese, there began a debate about literary discourse. With the 12th mission, however, the exchange of men of letters between the two nations abruptly deteriorated and came to its end. The exchange of men of letters between the two nations during the latter half of Joseon Dynasty progressed at a different tempo from that of diplomatic exchange. The literary exchange became more active as the undeveloped level of Japan’s classical Chinese studies matured. Through the diplomatic envoy missions, the men of letters from Joseon played the role of pulling up the level of Japan’s classical Chines studies. However, when it reached a more mature level, Japan’s classical Chines studies easily changed and took different forms from those of Joseon. Before there could be any discussions on such differences, however, the exchange between the two nations came to an end because of political reasons.