禪師의 ‘여유로움’과 한국 禪詩에서의 구현

Abstract

This study examines to define the breadth of mind of seon monks and its realization in the seon poetry in Korea. The breadth of mind is divided into two: ‘breadth of mind to free from the object' and 'breadth of mind to free from life and death.' Specifically, ‘breadth of mind to free from the object’ is a mind to meditate the reality of the universe and inner side of ego, and to realize its nihility as a nature that gives a bold mind in any circumstances. It illuminates the reason for free through the lesson of Imje Euihyeon(臨濟 義玄, ?∼867), and examines specific features through the anecdotes of Banggeosa(龐居士, ?～?)· Danha Cheonyeon (丹霞 天然, 739～824) · Gyeonhe Seongwoo (鏡虛 惺牛, 1846～1912). And, the breadth of mind to 'free from life and death' is a mind to enjoy life and to keep clear of death. It is particularly examined by the stories of death of Bohwa(普化), Banggeosa(龐居士) and his daughter Youngjo(靈照). Such mind of monks based on mindless(無心) is realized in the seon poetry of Korea. This study, according to the above features, analyzes the poems that realize 'breadth of mind to free from the object' and 'breadth of mind to free from life and death'. 'mindless' of Jawoon Gyeonghan (白雲 景閑, 1299～1374), and 'non-duality of ultimate truth and relative truth' by Jingak Hyesim (眞覺 慧諶, 1178～1234) are chosen to investigate the breadth of mind to free from the objects'. And ‘the breadth of mind to free from life and death’ is investigated through the poems of Taego Bowoo (太古 普愚, 1301～1382), Naong Hyegeun (懶翁 慧勤, 1320～1376), and Cheongheo Hyujeong(淸虛 休靜, 1520～1604). The poetic realization of 'freedom from life and death' is investigated based on Imjonggye(「臨終偈」, deathbed confession), among which confessions of Naong(懶翁) and Cheongheo(淸虛) are complementary to each other. Each poem has a seon thought based on knowledge based attaining Buddhahood thought(唯識佛性思想) of ‘This very mind itself is Buddha.'(卽心卽佛’), and 'Banyajunggwan' thought (般若中觀思想) of 'This very mind which is Buddha is neither mind nor Buddha.'(非心非佛). However, the poem of the great Gwalheo (括虛 大師, 1720～1789) shows syncretic thoughts of both ideas and it is clearly embodied in his 'Imjonggye'(「臨終偈」). However, the fact that the seon poetry is not created by the logical ideas, but by the thorough seon practice is also examined by the poems of the Great Buhudang (浮休堂 大師, 1543～1615).