성종대 공론장에서의 검열과 비판 -치세 초반 儒生과 師表에 대한 논의를 중심으로-

Abstract

What was most significant about the open discussion of King Seongjong in 『Seongjongsillok』 was that the government officials took issues with the 'writing styles' and 'academic styles' of younger intellectuals of national school students and Seonbi and emphasized the study of Scriptures based on moralism with importance on the ‘selection of exemplary scholars.’ This study focused on how 'censorship and criticism' in the early years of King Seongjong affected the teachers and students and their academic and writing styles and examined the 'censorship and criticism' that was present in the open discussions through 『Seongjongsillok』. From the early years of King Seongjong's enthronement, many poems criticized the ‘styles of national school students’ and ‘the fall of education.’ The government examination system based on ‘writing poems and composition’ and the styles of ‘poetry and writing’ were the major issues. Senior officials such as Han, Myeong Hoe and Shin, Sook Joo, the monitoring offices led by Yi, Geuk Don, and the high-class officials of the Six Government Offices raises those problems. In the discussions, those who were recognized for 'excellence in poetry and writing,' such as Seo, Geo Jeong or Yi, Geuk Don, argued that they should create a style of studying the Scriptures based on ethical values with Scriptures and Poetry/Writing on the opposite sides. The senior officers and the literary scholars criticized and censored the national school students' writing styles, academic styles, and customs with specific systems that were same as teaching at Sungkyunkwan through Jeongang(lectures in front of the king) and Munhakjaesang (selecting officials with literary talents for teachers). They emphasized the fall of Scriptures and tried to control the national school students' studies and ethical qualities through Scriptures. In other words, the king and the high-class officials inspected and controlled the studies of national school students regularly. When raising problems about their academic and writing styles and customs, the senior officials and other government officials first mentioned those who were recognized for excellence in poetry and writing. Then, the officials such as Shin, Sook Joo, Han, Myeong Hoe, and Choi, Hang tried to recommend those with excellence and secure a list of their names. They were mostly recognized from the time of King Sejo and a new generation of thinkers emerged over a certain period of time as their academic qualities and morals were verified. The censorship and criticism were conducted not only by the senior officials and other government officials but also by the national school students who verified and criticized the quality of thinkers. Also, national school students collectively censored and criticized when those without academic depth or ethical virtue were appointed as the presidents of Sungkyunkwan. In other words, critical discussions were mostly based on the thoughts of senior officials who succeeded the political heritage of King Sejo and the literary officials, such as Shin, Sook Joo and Choi, Hang, as they led the discussions about teachers and students at the open discussions. When they passed away and the officials with academic powers naturally faded, the human resources from King Sejo were replaced by the new generation. In the later years of King Seongjong, the new scholars theoretically criticized the discussions of the previous senior officials and suggested new practices.