19-20세기 암태도 주민들의 제언축조와 경제생활－益今里 廣頭堰 사례를 중심으로－

Abstract

This is a case study on how the reclaimed land was built and operated in Amtaedo(巖泰島), Najumok(羅州牧) from the 19th to 20th century. The material for analysis is Jeunmunki(堤堰文記) of Gwangduun(廣頭堰), Ikgeumli(益今里), Amtaedo. The existing studies have confirmed the fact from a variety of records that land of the island district in the southwest sea was reclaimed in the Chosun Dynasty, but there are only a few case study on when and where the islanders built seawalls and reclaimed land. It is of historical interest that this study analysed Yonghaki(用下記) written by the residents themselves of Ikgeumli, Amtedo and reconstructed Gwangduun. Land of the islands district in the southwest sea was reclaimed in the Chosun Dynasty. The islanders built seawalls to block the surging sea. Those have been called ‘jeun(堤堰), jebang(堤防), bangjoje(防潮堤)’. Reclaimed land was built inside of the seawall. The land was called ‘undap(堰畓)’ which meant the arable land built by constructing seawalls. It is ‘jakin(作人)’ who cultivated the undap. Jakins, farmers, supervised the seawalls first before starting farming. They organized fraternities to manage the seawalls efficiently. That was called ‘unkye(堰契)’. The structure of unkye was based not on a village as a unit but on topographical features. This is because people who shared the seawalls joined unkye regardless of their residence. From the 19th to the 20th century, those who cultivated reclaimed land in Gwangduun, Amtaedo and residents who ran saltern were settlers from cities, whose direct descendants are the islanders now. They settled near ports and rich paddyfields in front of gates in early period. They piled up banks in mud flats gradually to secure farmland. The banks built in early period were called kuun(舊堰). New seawalls were called sinun(新堰). In this manner, the islanders piled up banks and enlarged the farmland gradually. As a result of that, large-scale reclaimed land in island-villages was built in the 20th century. The spatial changes of islands turned residents’ occupation into farming and fishing life as economical one.