19~20세기 안좌도 『前津堰修契記』를 통해 본 제언 축조와 운영 실태

Abstract

The land reclamation of Joseon in 16th century was developed by the central government. It is confirmed that the large scale reclamation was build as irrigation facilities like reservoirs and dikes were developed in 17th century. Actually, in case of Southwest island area, social and economic changes occurred as the number of immigrants to islands increased. How did they lead their economic lives in the islands? When, where, or how was land made? What made labours and technology needed to make reclamation? With such questions, selecting location of reclamation, people who made the dikes,management after building dikes, and changes of spaces of the islands by the reclamation were reconstituted by documents of the mutual aid association of Chunjinun, called Ahpnuli (앞너리들), in Anjwado (安佐島). The area of sea around Anjwado during Joseon Dynasty consisted of a lot of islands both big and small. Among them, Anchangdo (安昌島) and Kijwado (基佐島) which were relatively large islands had pine groves where national wood was cultivated and pastures where hoses were raised. The pine groves and pastures in the island area was perfectly suitable for the reclamation. However, only blocking seawater streaming into land along small channels of tidewater on the shore of an inlet made the places available for farmlands. Therefore, building dikes on the foreshore was initial requisite to make reclamation. According to oral tradition, Chunjinun in Anjwado was built in the mid-19th century. The residents in the island call the whole Chunjinun ‘Undap (堰畓)’, ‘Apnuldeu (앞널藏書閣3042들)’, or ‘Apnudeuli’. The structure of Chunjinun consisted of a reservoir, a channel, a floodgate, sliding doors, and rice fields nearby dikes, and so on. The island residents organized the mutual aid association for dikes, and a general meeting a year was held by the members of it. The general meeting of the mutual aid association for dikes settled accounts paid for maintenance of Chunjinun for one year, and elected Boju (保主) and Sugu (水口) as a manager of the dikes and floodgates. Boju and Sugu received rice fields nearby dikes at the cost of managing Chunjinun, and paid land taxes to the mutual aid association for dikes at the end of the year. The land taxes of the mutual aid association for dikes were paid for the management expenses of the dikes.