춤무덤(舞踊塚)의 사신도와 조우관(鳥羽冠)에 대한 재검토－고구리(高句麗)의 닭 숭배 사상을 바탕으로－

Abstract

kinds of written records, determining that the rooste`r is not the Vermilion Birds, but the God of roosters 鷄神. 1) According to the Biographies of the Eminent Monks (who Traveled to the) Western Regions in Search of the Dharma, (Compiled during the) Great Tang (Dynasty) Da Tang Xiyu qiufa gaoseng zhuang 大唐西域求法高僧傳, it is said that “In the west, Kori=Koguri 高麗=高句麗 is called Kukkuṭeśvara in Sanskrit which means the God of roosters 鷄貴, 鷄神. It is because Kori people highly admired the God of roosters.” Based on this record, two roosters of the Tomb of the Dancers drawn in a dignified manner must have been a rooster worshiped by Kori people as a god. 2) According to Nihon shoki 日本書紀, there is a passage saying that as King Nulji of Silla told the commoners, “Kill a rooster raised in a house,” then, Silla people killed all Kori people within the kingdom to follow king’s intention. This tells us that Kori males were known as a rooster, and a rooster symbolized Kori people. 3) According to Xuan zhong ji 玄中記 by Guo Pu (郭璞, 276-324), when a heavenly rooster cries, the sun bird would cry, and when the sun bird cries, every bird in the world would cry. In this record, a heavenly bird is the God of a rooster 鷄神 which tells us the beginning of a day. If a heavenly chicken in the shape of a rooster 天鷄 cries to let people know that the morning comes, then the sun bird 陽鳥, that is, the three-legged crow, would cry to make every bird to cry to let people know the beginning of a day. This record provides a clue for the new interpretation of the heavenly bird and the sun bird painted in the Tomb of the Dancers.