‘하다가’의 통시적 연구

Abstract

This study investigated the changes in the distribution and meaning of‘hʌdaga’ in the 15th-18th Centuries. In general, ‘hʌdaga’ has been consideredan adverb that expressed ‘assumption/condition’ in the Medieval Koreanlanguage and was taken over by ‘manil(ey)’. However, there are ‘hadaga’ in Contemporary Korean, which express asimilar meaning to ‘hʌdaga’. This shows that ‘hʌdaga’ did not becomeobsolete as it was proposed in the previous studies. In fact, it was used as apolysemy in the Medieval Korean language, which had three meanings;‘assumption/condition’, ‘conjecture’ and ‘circumstantial precondition’ such as‘keureodaga’. First, it was predominantly used as an assumption/conditionadverb which occurred ‘-myeon, -keodeun, -ndaen/ldyen’ conditional clauses,‘-eodo’ concessive clauses, adnominal clauses and nominal phrases. Althoughit was not frequently used, it also occurred in other various clauses withconnective endings including ‘-eoza’, ‘-odoe’, ‘-eo’, ‘-ni’, ‘-keona’, ‘-myeo’ and‘-ko’. Also there are a few examples of ‘hʌdaga’ with other meanings. Thatis to say, ‘hʌdaga’ expressed ‘conjecture’ in a sentence with an ending whichexpressed ‘conjecture’ such as ‘-li-, -lsyera, and -lkka’ and expressed‘circumstantial precondition’ in certain connective clauses. However, ‘hʌdaga’ has undergone a reduction in distribution and ofmeaning. The majority of ‘hʌdaga’ in Modern Korean occurred in ‘-myeon’and ‘-keodeun’ conditional clauses, adnominal clauses and nominal phrases, and there were a few or no examples of ‘hʌdaga’ in other constructions. Furthermore, neither examples with the meaning of ‘conjecture’ were foundin Modern Korean and ‘hadaga(<hʌdaga)’ in Contemporary Korean expressesonly the meaning of ‘circumstantial precondition’. This study assumed that ‘hʌdaga’ was replaced first by ‘sihok/hok’ whichwas used as adverbs with the similar meaning in the similar distribution sincethe Middle age and then replaced by ‘manil(ey)’ due to its polysemiccharacteristic.