漢字的腦和教育
The Hanzi brain and Education
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
漢字的結構和形聲關係與一般拼音文字不同, 可見於大腦處理漢字時的反應. 拼音文字的處理通常集中於大腦的優勢半球, 而漢字則比拼音較多動用大腦左右雙側的資源. 閱讀漢字時, 視覺區往大腦前部輸送信息會側重使用直接索取字彙的腹側言語束. 相信這是因為形聲關係透明度低, 形義關係透明度比較高, 以及傳統教育對形聲字的關注不足, 於是字形轉換字音的途徑可用程度和重要性相對降低. 在大腦前部額葉區, 漢字的處理除了拼音文字也用的額下回之外, 也會牽涉到拼音文字少用的額中回與及前運動區. 後者反映寫字在漢字習得中的重要性, 也顯示出拼音輸入對識字的負面影響值得留意. 本文建議用線條剖析․為漢字結構增加讀音信息, 以及組塊教學來降低學習漢字的難度. 同時, 本文也指出使用漢字字母, 除了有利組塊, 也可以有效解決現代電腦使用和識字能力的衝突問題.
Abstract
Hanzi is different from alphabetical languages in both structure and the form-pronunciation relationship. Alphabetical scripts are processed in the dominant hemisphere, whereas Chinese script involve bilateral hemisphere resources. Reading Hanzi works through the ventral lexical access stream whereas transparent alphabetical languages preferentially use the dorsal stream. This difference is likely to be due to the opacity of Chinese language for sound, whilst being more transparent for form-meaning relationship, as well as less explicit instructions in using the phonological clue in reading Hanzi. Anteriorly, the premotor area is involved in reading Chinese corresponding to the importance of handwriting in learning and recognizing Chinese, in the presence of the relative opacity of form-pronunciation. Suggestion is made for the linear deconstruction of Hanzi for learning purpose, the use of pronunciation of its structural architecture and the use of chunking. At the same time, the usefulness of Hanzi graphabets for chunking and as well as resolving the conflict between computer input and learning of Hanzi is emphasized.
참고문헌 (29)
- 黃震遐, "中文字母寫字口訣", pp.2012, 青田教育中心
- 咬文嚼字 編輯部, "當代漢語出版物中最常見的100個別字", 咬文嚼字, (6) (2005)
- 舒華, "小學漢字形聲字表音特點及其分佈的研究", 語言文字應用, 26(2) (1998)
- 黃潔貞, "在香港幼稚園應用中文字母教識字的初探", 第十屆世界華語文教學研討會 (2011)
- 黃震遐, "必先利其器︰漢字教育的字典和電腦發展", 第二回漢字教育國際學術大會 (2011)
- 黃震遐, "漢字字母教學法 : 理論和實踐", 漢字漢文敎育, 1(26), pp.383~397 (2011), 한국한자한문교육학회
- 應鳴雄, "電腦中文輸入法及網路使用經驗對識字能力之影響", 第十七屆資訊管理暨實務研討會 (2011)
- 謝天蔚, "漢字教學與電腦科技" (2005), 聯經出版社
- Brennan, C, "Reading acquisition reorganizes the phonological awareness network only in alphabetic writing systems", Hum Brain Mapp, 34(12) (2012)
- Cai, Q, "The left ventral occipito-temporal response to words depends on language lateralization but not on visual familiarity", Cereb Cortex, 20(5) (2010)
- Cao, F, "Writing affects the brain network of reading in Chinese : a functional magnetic resonance imaging study", Hum Brain Mapp, 34(7) (2013)
- Das, T, "Neuroimaging reveals dual routes to reading in simultaneous proficient readers of two orthographies", Neuroimage, 54(2) (2011)
- Gobet, F, "Chunking mechanisms in human learning", Trends Cogn Sci, 5(6) (2001)
- Guan, C. Q, "Writing strengthens orthography and alphabetic-coding strengthens phonology in learning to read Chinese", Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(3) (2011)
- Huang, K, "Neural strategies for reading Japanese and Chinese sentences: a cross-linguistic fMRI study of character-decoding and morphosyntax", Europsychologia, 50(11) (2012)
- Jeon, H.A, "Effect of lexical proficiency on reading strategies used for shallow and deep orthographies", Neuroreport, 23(17) (2012)
- Jones, G, "Why Chunking Should be Considered as an Explanation for Developmental Change before Short-Term Memory Capacity and Processing Speed", Front Psychol, 3(167) (2012)
- Kuo, W. J, "Orthographic and phonological processing of Chinese characters: an fMRI study", Neuroimage, 21(4) (2004)
- Longcamp, M, "Remembering the orientation of newly learned characters depends on the associated writing knowledge: a comparison between handwriting and typing", Hum Mov Sci, 25(4-5) (2006)
- Longcamp, M, "The influence of writing practice on letter recognition in preschool children: a comparison between handwriting and typing", Acta Psychol (Amst), 119(1) (2005)
- Nakamura, K, "Universal brain systems for recognizing word shapes and handwriting gestures during reading", Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 109(50) (2012)
- Paulesu, E, "A cultural effect on brain function", Nat Neurosci, 3(1) (2000)
- Santangelo Mastroberardino, S, "On the influence of audio-visual interactions on working memory performance: a study with nonsemantic stimuli", Cogn Process, 7 (2006)
- Spence, C, "Crossmodal spatial attention", Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1191 (2010)
- Sun, Y, "The role of the ventral and dorsal pathways in reading Chinese characters and English words", Brain Lang, 119(2) (2011)
- Tan, L. H, "Neuroanatomical correlates of phonological processing of Chinese characters and alphabetic words: a meta-analysis", Hum.Brain Mapp, 25 (2005)
- Tan, L. H, "China's language input system in the digital age affects children's reading development", Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 110(3) (2013)
- Wu, C. Y, "A meta-analysis of fMRI studies on Chinese orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing", Neuroimage, 63(1) (2012)
- Yoon, H. W, "Neural mechanisms of Korean word reading : a functional magnetic resonance imaging study", Neurosci Lett, 373(3) (2005)