조선 후기 서울에서의 광대 문화 변동과 판소리

Abstract

Pansori(판소리) is one of the Kwangdae's songs. It was just made in the later period of Joseon Dynasty. So it was made in the general current of Kwangdae's culture in that period. The most important reason why Pansori was made is the decline of Hwa-geug(화극. 話劇). A king lives in the palace, so he don't know affairs of outsides of it. So there are some plays that treat the very interesting political or social subjects by usually one Kwangdae(광대; a clown or a jester) at Narye-heui(나례희. 儺禮戱; a ceremony on the last day of the year) in the palace. The play performed by only one Kwangdae's simple words and actions is able to be called as Hwa-geug. Hwa-geug was the one most important plays in the former period of Joseon Dynasty, because the Narye-heui-king is a major spectator in that ceremony and that play is the most important performance in that ceremony too-was held in that period. But as the Narye-heui was closed at the later period of Joseon Dynasty, as Jaedam-sori(재담 소리; very humorous narrative songs) and Pansori became the most important the general clown's performance in that period. Because Hwa-geug that only uses simple words and actions is a very simple play. So we know that the decline of Hwa-geug is considerably related to bring into existence of Pansori. Because Hwa-geug can be developed to Jaedam-sori that added songs on Hwa-geug(Jaedam-geug, in other word) and Jaedam-sori can be developed to Pansori. Other reason why Pansori was made is Jeolla-do(전라도) Kwangdaes' gaining power at Sandae-heui(산대희. 山臺戱; a grand festival that was performed by Kwangdae, etc., using a large mountain-shaped construction as both stage and scenery) for Chinese envoies. Mostly Geonggi-do(경기도) Kwangdaes had been called out at Sandae-heui by 1636. But during Japenese Invasion of Joseon in 1592～1598, Ch'ing Dynasty Invasions of Joseon in 1636 and 1637 the Kwangdaes of Geonggi-do scattered. So Kwangdaes from the eight provinces of Joseon are gathered at Sandae-heui after Two Wars. Among them, Kwangdaes from Jeolla-do are overwhelming in number. Because they are rather safe in Two Wars. The majority group at Sandae-heui means very important group in Kwangdae culture from Seoul to provinces. So they contribute to bring into existence and development of Pansori. As the civil activities are more active, as the ceremonies of Kwageo Keupjeja(과거 급제자; those who passed the official exam.) are more splendid in the later period of Joseon Dynasty. This current contribute to bring into existence and development of Pansori too. These the decline of Hwa-geug, the advent of Jeolla-do Kwangdaes and the splendor of the ceremonies of Kwageo Keupjeja are very important aspects in bring into existence and development of Pansori. They all started at Seoul in the later period of Joseon Dynasty. So, the change of Kwangdae's culture in the later period of Joseon Dynasty in Seoul did very decisive role on bring into existence and development of Pansori.