한국어 인용 구문 유형의 변화와 인용 표지의 생성

Abstract

The aim of the paper is two-fold : (i) to describe the historical change of the structure of quotation in Korean, and (ii) to identify the origin of the quotation marker -ko. The following summarizes the main claims of the paper. [1] Change in the structure of quotation : there are two structures of quotation in Korean. First one, marked [+introduction], consists of a quoted sentence preceded by an introductory clause, which identifies the source of the relevant quotation. Second one lacks the introductory clause, so marked [-introduction]. The paper, further, characterizes two patterns of the first structure: (i) one which reduces the quotation verb to a function verb ha-, and (ii) the other where the quotation verb is deleted. The paper notes that Middle Korean mostly employed the structure of [+introduction], but the use of this structure has been gradually decreased. Thus, in Modern Korean, the other structure of [-introduction] has mostly replaced the earlier one, so to be a typical quotation structure. The change in the quotation structure suggests that the [+introduction] structure was normally used for translating Chinese literatures during the Middle Korean period. [2] The origin of the quotation marker -ko : Modern Korean uses the marker -ko after a quoted sentence, which is not attested in Middle Korean. The marker -ko shows up in the literature of 18th century, and it gets used widely in 19th century. The paper claims that the quotation marker -ko has been grammaticalized from th verbal ending -ko attached to the quotation verb ha-. Thus the change can be summarized as follows: ha-ko malha- (`say-and say-`: duplication of quotation verbs) > weakening of the predicate function of ha-ko > -kho (morphological reduction) > -ko (new quotation marker).