국어 사동구문의 통시적 변화

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of Korean causative constructions. Korean has two types of causative construction, one by causative suffixes and the other by `-ge ha-`. Most researchers call the former as `morphological causative` and the latter as `syntactic causative`. Causative construction by `-ge ha-` did not exist in Ancient Korean, and began to appear in early Middle Korean(15th C). In Ancient Korean the causee was mainly marked with an accusative marker. From late Middle Korean the causee began to occur with other markers. A dative marker(`ege`), which is frequently attached to animate causees in Modem Korean, was first used in morphological causative constructions in late Middle Korean, and then extended to syntactic causatives by `-ge ha-`. In Modem Korean the morphological causative constructions typically expresses the meaning of direct causative whereas syntactic causative constructions the meaning of indirect causative. However, in Middle Korean morphological causative constructions had the two meanings. The appearance of syntactic causative by `-ge ha-` resulted in the loss of direct meaning of morphological causatives.