유사 인용문의 발화 효과와 화자의 태도

Abstract

The main claim of this paper is that the speech act by `Quasi-Quotation`(named after direct/indirect quotation) utterances, ending in the quotative particle `-(ta)ke`, may be convincingly explained by revealing the multi-functional and polysemic nature of the paricle `-(ta)ko`. This quotative particle, as a marker of evidentiality, is taken to signal the speaker`s attitudinal force which falls somewhere within a continuum of commitment. The speaker`s attitude towards what he is saying, without explicit articulation of a performative predication, is allegedly shown to encode a variety of pragmatic strengthening through contiguity between categorical assertion and softened statement. Though more frequent use of `Quasi-Quotation` in casual speech doesn`t share the feature of explicit recoverability of the reportive performative `X-ga Y-eke [...]-ko malhayssta`, we suggest, they are actually performative utterances with the form and status of assertions of fact, which express the speaker`s insistence of forcing the given information on the hearer. Another distinctive feature of the analysis is that different choices of the predication, with regard to the speaker`s subjective attitude, make for different assertions of different kinds of knowledge. We propose that the gradability of subjective meaning of `-take` ending, assertive or empathetic, thorough contiguity, may be defined by the individuality of the subjective domain set, which contributes to the contextualization of increased speaker commitment towards the truthfulness of `Quasi-Quotation`. The mapping from subjective individuation to performative predication is shown to be an essential part of the general properties of epistemic modality adhering to the speaker`s attitudinal force. The distinction between reportd speech and perspectivized speech is also shown to be conceptually relevant to elucidating the strengthening role of the speaker`s commitment and epistemic modality. on the basis of dividing the speaker`s domain set into two distinctive subsets for both 1st-person speaker and 3rd-person characters, the speaker`s attitude to seek for confidence, insistence, certainty, or face-saving is arguably shown to conform to the designation of epistemic modality in multi-party discourse. This is also taken to be a good sort of sincerity condition that is underlined by interjecting the social force of 3rd-person characters, as the probable supporters of the speaker`s subjectivity. Finally, we show that the prevalent use of `-telako` in casual conversation, with the retrospective ending `-te-`, may be significantly characterized by intervening in the speaker`s subjective roles of commitment and consciousness.