상대높임법에서의 형태 변화와 의미 등급 실현의 상관성 연구 - 특히 높임의 표지 ' - 이 - ' 를 중심으로 -

Abstract

In the 15th century, the hearer honorification was mainly expressed by honorific marker -ŋi- and `-ŋta` type, `-y` type, `-ŋta` and `-y` are changed types from `-ŋi-` In the 17th century, `-yta` type was developed and `-s∧p-` group which was expressed the object honorificcation in the past had the feature of `formality` in the hearer honorification. A new sentence ending `-o` was developed as a form of high speech level of hearer honorification in the 18th century and `-y` type was losing ground. In the 19th century, the vowels, ` ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅚ, ㅟ` changed from dual vowel to simple vowel, which made `-y` type and `-yta` type disappear. After all, the speech level of `-y` type and `-yta` type fell into the lower level but `-yta` type sustained the highest speech level by its merging with the group of `-s∧p-` endings and had new function of `formality`. The principles of formal change which mentioned above are as follows. 1) When the level of hearer honorification is divided, it is expressed by changing the existing honorific marker `-ŋi-`(division of speech level) 2) When the honorification marker `-ŋi-` changes in its form, its expression of honorification becomes different. i.e. if `-ŋi-` has not complete form, speech level is lowered.(appearence of `ŋta` type and `-y` type) 3) For a new honorific marker that expresses a new speech level to settle down, several types coexist during the period of transition. 4-1) There is no semantic change without practical phonological change, even though form changes.(preservation of semantic function in `-yta` type) 4-2) Semantic change occurs when the change is not only formal but also phonological.(speech level degradation of `-y` type and `-yta` type) 5) Omission of sentence ending has an effect on the expression of speech level, i.e. a sentence without sentence ending has lower speech level than one with it.(difference between speech level of `-ŋta` type, `-yta` type and `-y` type) 6) Hearer honorification need a new type not for speech level but for addition of a new function.(appearence of `-s∧p-`) 7) When a existing honorific marker do not play an sufficient role in the function of speech level, a new type could be used to make up for the insufficiency.(division of speech level of `-s∧p-`) 8) When native speaker with time flowing do not recognize a honorific marker which has already changed phonologically and formally, the form loses proper grammatical function.(losing the function of high speech level and weakness the honorific function in the `-pnita` type)