한국어 격조사와 특수조사의 지위와 그 의미 - 유형론적 접근 -

Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to clarify the potential meanings of Korean particles, especially `ka`, `li`l`, `to`, `ni`n`. To establish their grammatical status, we have to closely examine their distribution first. Our analysis leads us to the conclusion that the nominal extension in Korean has two slots for syntactic realization. The first and the second slots are filled with case markers and determiners, respectively. This conclusion shows that the so-called nominative case marker `ka` and accusative case marker `li`l` in Korean are indeed determiners like `to` and `ni`n`, which is quite different from the traditional arguments. After defining their grammatical status, we argue that the set (ka, li`l) and the set {to, ni`n} in Korean correspond to the indefinite article and the definite article in French, respectively. The presence of the category of article in Korean is supported by the comparison of the text-flow structure and the definiteness effect in the two languages. The opposition of `ka` and `ni`n` in Korean, for instance, can be compared to that of the indefinite article `un` and the definite article `le` in French. These opposition systems can be represented in terms of the radical binary tensor(tenseur binaire radical) as follows: (이미지) (U and S are the meta-languages for universal/general and singular/particular, respectively.)