문자의 발달 원리와 한자의 육서
The General Principles of Writing Development and the Six Scripts of the Chinese Writing
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In this paper, we will compare the general principles of writing development and the six scripts ‘liùshū 六書’ of the Chinese writing. The basic presumption in this paper is that although the various writing systems were invented separately, they have gone thorough the same principles throughout the human history. Therefore, it is shown how the principles of the six scripts and the general principles of writing are the same, revealing that the six scripts of the Chinese writing contributed greatly to systematizing the general theory of writing systems. Also, by combining the principles of writing and the principles of the Chinese writing, it can be reconfirmed that eastern writing systems stand side by side in the history of the world's writing development and there is universal of heritages mankind has been developing for thousands of years. We summarize the main points in the paper as follows. In their early stages, writing systems were made by drawing the shape of objects. This kind of principle was called xiàngxíng ‘象形, pictograms’ or zhĭshì ‘指事, simple ideograms.’ Later on, the huì-yì ‘會意, compound pictorams’ principle was used to make new characters by combining two or more pictograms. It is the principle of economy. Though this principle, the number of writing increased dramatically. In addition, the zhuănzhù ‘轉注, reciprocal meaning’ principle was a way of adding abstract meanings to characters according to the context. It is the same with the principle of context of situation. By the way of jiăjiè ‘假借, phonetic loan’, many homophonous or near-homophonous morphemes were contained in one character. It is the principle of phonetization or the rebus principle. In order to distinguish the characters that have the same sound but different meanings, the xíngshēng ‘形聲, form-sound compound’ principle was used, which we call the principle of a semantic indicator(or a determinative) and a phonetic indicator.
Abstract
In this paper, we will compare the general principles of writing development and the six scripts ‘liùshū 六書’ of the Chinese writing. The basic presumption in this paper is that although the various writing systems were invented separately, they have gone thorough the same principles throughout the human history. Therefore, it is shown how the principles of the six scripts and the general principles of writing are the same, revealing that the six scripts of the Chinese writing contributed greatly to systematizing the general theory of writing systems. Also, by combining the principles of writing and the principles of the Chinese writing, it can be reconfirmed that eastern writing systems stand side by side in the history of the world's writing development and there is universal of heritages mankind has been developing for thousands of years. We summarize the main points in the paper as follows. In their early stages, writing systems were made by drawing the shape of objects. This kind of principle was called xiàngxíng ‘象形, pictograms’ or zhĭshì ‘指事, simple ideograms.’ Later on, the huì-yì ‘會意, compound pictorams’ principle was used to make new characters by combining two or more pictograms. It is the principle of economy. Though this principle, the number of writing increased dramatically. In addition, the zhuănzhù ‘轉注, reciprocal meaning’ principle was a way of adding abstract meanings to characters according to the context. It is the same with the principle of context of situation. By the way of jiăjiè ‘假借, phonetic loan’, many homophonous or near-homophonous morphemes were contained in one character. It is the principle of phonetization or the rebus principle. In order to distinguish the characters that have the same sound but different meanings, the xíngshēng ‘形聲, form-sound compound’ principle was used, which we call the principle of a semantic indicator(or a determinative) and a phonetic indicator.
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