中國漢字與韓國固有漢字的造字法比較

Abstract

Based on the treatise Six-Principles Theory of Character Formation, this article aims to compare characteristics and differences between Chinese characters being used in China with those characters developed and used as unique to Korea. I have analyzed the Six-Principles Theory of Character Formation based on 『 Liushulue』 by Zheng Qiao during the Song Dynasty for Chinese characters used in China and 142 Chinese characters developed in Korea as mentioned in the 『study of Chinese characters having been developed for unique use in Korea』 by Kim Jong Hoon for Chinese characters having been developed for unique use in Korea. According to 『Liushulue』, and in view of the Six-Principles Theory of Character Formation, I have found that, of the Chinese characters formed in China, 2.50% are Pictographic, 0.44% Simple indicatives, 3.05% Compound indicatives, 90.00% Phono-semantic compound characters, 2.47% Borrowed characters, and 1.53% Derived characters. In comparison with the Chinese characters developed for unique use in Korea, 1.4 % were Pictographic, 4.9% Compound indicatives, 43.7% Phono-semantic compound characters, 43% Borrowed characters, 5.6% Chinese characters combined with Korean vowels and consonents, and 1% modified characters. In particular, Borrowed characters from the group of Chinese characters developed for unique use in Korea showed a different formation than what appears in the Six-Principles Theory of Character Formation concerning Chinese characters formed in China – hence, upon borrowing the pronunciation of two Chinese characters, a new character is created via Synaersis. After the Korean alphabet had been invented, the method for developing new characters, by way of Chinese characters combined with Korean vowels and consonents, was subsequently established and this method characterized a unique Korean style. In conclusion, it shows that even though Chinese characters developed for unique use in Korea were formed in the same way as in the Six-Principles Theory of Character Formation, the creation of Chinese characters typical of Korea overcame an inconsistency between the Chinese characters and the Korean language.