HVAC 시스템 풍량 모니터링 기술의 현장 적용성 검토

Abstract

Air-conditioning systems account for a significant proportion of building energy consumption, and their control strategies have a crucial impact on both energy efficiency and operational accuracy. Variable air volume (VAV) systems capable of dynamically adjusting airflow and temperature are widely used in large buildings. Compared to constant air volume systems, VAV systems offer superior energy efficiency and should therefore be prioritized. Accurate airflow monitoring is a key prerequisite for effective energy saving. To address the challenges in VAV system airflow monitoring, this study proposes an airflow-monitoring method based on field data. This method leverages fan laws and a quadratic fan-performance-curve model incorporating fan speed, duct damper position, and pressure difference to estimate airflow. Experiments were conducted by varying the fan speed (60 Hz) and damper opening (100－20%), and collecting airflow and pressure data. Model performance was validated using multipoint velocity measurements and error data (RMSE, CvRMSE, nRMSE, MBE, and R²). The results established an optimal accuracy at 40 Hz (RMSE = 300.77 CMH, R² = 0.988, CvRMSE = 9.18%), and reduced precision under extreme conditions (CvRMSE = 28.22% at 20 Hz). This approach offers a low-cost alternative to physical sensors and contributes to improved energy efficiency and intelligent control in VAV-based Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning systems.