Comparison of the functionality of imported and domestically produced Bombyx batryticatus in Republic of Korea.
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Bombyx batryticatus (Bb) has been used in traditional Oriental medicine for thousands of years to alleviate convulsions, epilepsy, and seizures, as well as to enhance immune function. It is produced when 4th to 5th instar silkworms become rigid and die after infection with Beauveria bassiana. Currently, the majority of Bb distributed in Korea is imported from overseas. In this study, we compared the physicochemical characteristics of three imported Bb products and one domestically produced product. We also evaluated the safety and functionality of Bb extracts prepared using three different extraction methods. No significant differences were observed in the physicochemical properties or extraction efficiency between domestic and imported Bb samples. Among the three methods, the food-grade protease digestion method showed the highest extraction efficiency. While ethanol extracts from some imported Bb samples exhibited cytotoxicity at high concentrations, none of the hot water extracts or food-grade protease-digested extracts (FPD-Bb) showed any cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the domestic Bb extracts demonstrated superior safety and stronger macrophage-proliferating effects compared to those from imported samples. We further investigated the effects of FPD-Bb from the domestic sample (FPD-Bb-K) and the most effective imported sample on natural killer (NK) cell activation and anti-cancer activity. The FPD-Bb-K showed significantly greater enhancement of NK cell proliferation and cancer cell-killing activity. Additionally, FPD-Bb-K markedly improved the phagocytic activity (elimination of pathogenic microorganisms) and pinocytotic activity (uptake of viruses and fluids) of macrophages. In conclusion, our findings suggest that domestically produced Bb exhibits superior safety and immune-enhancing properties compared to imported Bb.
Abstract
Bombyx batryticatus (Bb) has been used in traditional Oriental medicine for thousands of years to alleviate convulsions, epilepsy, and seizures, as well as to enhance immune function. It is produced when 4th to 5th instar silkworms become rigid and die after infection with Beauveria bassiana. Currently, the majority of Bb distributed in Korea is imported from overseas. In this study, we compared the physicochemical characteristics of three imported Bb products and one domestically produced product. We also evaluated the safety and functionality of Bb extracts prepared using three different extraction methods. No significant differences were observed in the physicochemical properties or extraction efficiency between domestic and imported Bb samples. Among the three methods, the food-grade protease digestion method showed the highest extraction efficiency. While ethanol extracts from some imported Bb samples exhibited cytotoxicity at high concentrations, none of the hot water extracts or food-grade protease-digested extracts (FPD-Bb) showed any cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the domestic Bb extracts demonstrated superior safety and stronger macrophage-proliferating effects compared to those from imported samples. We further investigated the effects of FPD-Bb from the domestic sample (FPD-Bb-K) and the most effective imported sample on natural killer (NK) cell activation and anti-cancer activity. The FPD-Bb-K showed significantly greater enhancement of NK cell proliferation and cancer cell-killing activity. Additionally, FPD-Bb-K markedly improved the phagocytic activity (elimination of pathogenic microorganisms) and pinocytotic activity (uptake of viruses and fluids) of macrophages. In conclusion, our findings suggest that domestically produced Bb exhibits superior safety and immune-enhancing properties compared to imported Bb.