글라스버블/폴리우레탄 폼 복합재료의 기계적 및 열적 특성평가
Development and mechanical and thermal performance evaluation of polyurethane foam composites reinforced with glass bubbles
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초록
환경 규제 강화로 인한 천연가스의 수요가 증가함에 따라 액화천연가스 운반선의 크기 또한 거대해지면서 액체화물의 자중 및 슬로싱 하중이 증가하고 있다. 이에 액화천연가스를 안전하게 보관하기 위한 단열시스템의 성능 개선하고자 본 연구에서는 기존의 LNG 단열시스템에서 사용되는 재료인 폴리우레탄 폼의 기계적 및 열적 성능 강화를 위하여글라스 버블을 첨가하였다. 글라스 버블 첨가량에 따라 기존 폴리우레탄폼의 재료 물성치 변화를 분석하기 위해서 다양한 중량비(0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 wt.%)로 시험편을 제작하였으며 다양한 온도조건에 적용되는 폴리우레탄 폼을 고려하여극저온(-163 °C)에서부터 상온(20 °C)까지의 재료 압축 거동을 평가하였다. 열적특성 파악을 위해서 상온(20 °C)에서의열전도도를 측정하여 기존 폴리우레탄 폼과 비교하였다. 또한, FE-SEM 촬영을 통해서 폴리머 재료의 기계적 특성 및 열적 특성에 영향을 미치는 셀의 구조 및 형태의 미세구조를 분석하였다. 0.75 wt.% 이상의 글라스버블 첨가에서는 압축강도가 크게 증가하는 반면 폴리우레탄 폼 내부 셀의 형태 및 구조가 파괴되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 0.25 wt.%와 0.5 wt.%의 글라스 버블을 첨가한 폴리우레탄 폼에서 기존 폴리우레탄 폼 대비 단열성능 및 압축강도가 향상되었다.
Abstract
As the demand for natural gas is increasing owing to the environmental regulations becoming more stringent, the size of liquefied natural gas carriers is increasing, and thus, the self-weight of the liquid cargo and the sloshing load are increasing. To enhance the performance of the insulation system to enable safe storage of liquefied natural gas, glass bubbles were used to improve the mechanical and thermal performances of polyurethane foam (PUF). Glass bubbles were added at various weight percentages (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 wt.%) to investigate the changes in the mechanical and thermal properties of the PUF. The effect of addition of the glass bubbles was examined by conducting compression tests at various temperature conditions (–163, –100, –40, 20 °C), measuring the thermal conductivity, and analyzing the cell microstructure. The results showed that the mechanical strength of all PUFs in which glass bubbles were introduced was improved. The maximum improvement in mechanical strength was noted for the case with 0.75 wt.% addition; however, the heat capacity deteriorated owing to the large density increase and the collapse of the microstructure. On the other hand, at 0.25 wt.% and 0.5 wt.% addition, the performance was improved in terms of both insulation performance and mechanical strength.
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