Technical guide for materials of containment system for hydrogen fuels for ships
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The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is adopting various regulations, goals, and measures for decarbonizing ships within the present century. The most environmentally friendly fuels for replacing conventional fuels in ships are low-flashpoint fuels, which are corrosive or cause embrittlement. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the requirements for storing individual fuels and choose the most realistic and economically feasible methods. Among the many alternative fuels, sufficient information is available regarding materials applicable to methanol—liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Considering these fuels have long been handled by ships as fuel or cargo, sufficient regulations exist regarding the materials applicable to them. In the absence of conditions that lower the mechanical performance of materials, such as a hydrogen exposure environment or corrosion, materials applicable to cryogenic environments are generally applicable to higher temperatures without a problem. Liquid hydrogen is the fuel that presents the most difficult technical challenge for large-scale storage in ships. Hydrogen should be liquefied and stored in a con-tainment facility designed to maintain a temperature below 20 K. Empirical studies on liquid hydrogen storage and fuel propulsion ships conducted in advanced countries have focused on 316 L stainless steel.
Abstract
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is adopting various regulations, goals, and measures for decarbonizing ships within the present century. The most environmentally friendly fuels for replacing conventional fuels in ships are low-flashpoint fuels, which are corrosive or cause embrittlement. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the requirements for storing individual fuels and choose the most realistic and economically feasible methods. Among the many alternative fuels, sufficient information is available regarding materials applicable to methanol—liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Considering these fuels have long been handled by ships as fuel or cargo, sufficient regulations exist regarding the materials applicable to them. In the absence of conditions that lower the mechanical performance of materials, such as a hydrogen exposure environment or corrosion, materials applicable to cryogenic environments are generally applicable to higher temperatures without a problem. Liquid hydrogen is the fuel that presents the most difficult technical challenge for large-scale storage in ships. Hydrogen should be liquefied and stored in a con-tainment facility designed to maintain a temperature below 20 K. Empirical studies on liquid hydrogen storage and fuel propulsion ships conducted in advanced countries have focused on 316 L stainless steel.
참고문헌 (7)
- Korean Register of Shipping, "Forecasting the Alternative Marine Fuel Ammonia" (2020)
- Progress in Solution of Hydrogen Embrittlement of Steels, "Ki-don K", ~ (2004)
- K. Murakami, "Substitution of high-pressure charge by electrolysis charge and hydrogen environment embrittlement susceptibilities for inconel 625 and SUS 316L", ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2008, 563~570
- International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 16573Steel - Measurement method for the evaluation of hydrogen embrittlement resistance of high strength steels" (2015)
- T. Ogata, "Hydrogen embrittlement evaluation in tensile properties of stainless steels at cryogenic temperatures", AIP Conference Proceedings, 986, pp.124~ (2008)
- Development of Safety and Integrity Evaluation Technology for Liquefied Hydrogen Storage Vessels, "Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science", ~ (2016)
- NASA, "Safety Standard for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems - Guidelines for Hydrogen System Design, Materials selection, Operations, Storage, and Transportation" (2005)