Reliability evaluation of marine flowmeters and transmitters under cryogenic hydrogen-storage conditions based on FMEA and QFD
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This study evaluates the reliability of flowmeters applied to marine liquid-hydrogen storage and supply systems under cryogenic conditions using failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and quality function deployment (QFD). The FMEA identified 30 potential failure modes, of which, sensor-tube deformation showed the highest risk, and sensor-tube fracture, driver-coil malfunction, and pickup-coil output instability were conditionally acceptable within the “as low as reasonably practicable” region. The results indicated that both the mechanical and electronic components are critical for maintaining measurement stability in cryogenic hydrogen environments. Based on the FMEA outcomes, a QFD analysis was performed to connect the user and classification requirements with the technical design elements and environmental test priorities. The humidity test was identified as the most significant factor influencing flowmeter reliability, followed by the lifetime, low-temperature, and vibration tests. These findings provide a practical framework for the design verification and environmental validation of marine flowmeters and enable long-term stable operation under cryogenic hydrogen conditions.
Abstract
This study evaluates the reliability of flowmeters applied to marine liquid-hydrogen storage and supply systems under cryogenic conditions using failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and quality function deployment (QFD). The FMEA identified 30 potential failure modes, of which, sensor-tube deformation showed the highest risk, and sensor-tube fracture, driver-coil malfunction, and pickup-coil output instability were conditionally acceptable within the “as low as reasonably practicable” region. The results indicated that both the mechanical and electronic components are critical for maintaining measurement stability in cryogenic hydrogen environments. Based on the FMEA outcomes, a QFD analysis was performed to connect the user and classification requirements with the technical design elements and environmental test priorities. The humidity test was identified as the most significant factor influencing flowmeter reliability, followed by the lifetime, low-temperature, and vibration tests. These findings provide a practical framework for the design verification and environmental validation of marine flowmeters and enable long-term stable operation under cryogenic hydrogen conditions.