FMEA and QFD-based reliability evaluation of pressure sensors and transmitters for liquefied hydrogen storage systems in ships
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As part of the global transition toward carbon-free marine fuels to meet IMO 2050 targets, liquefied hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative. However, its cryogenic storage conditions requirements and explosion risks necessitate highly reliable pressure monitoring devices. This study applies failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to evaluate the reliability of pressure sensors and transmitters used in hydrogen-storage ship systems, which are exposed to extreme environments such as cryogenic temperatures, high pressure, humidity, and electromagnetic interference. Failure modes were identified through expert analysis of smart and cylindrical sensor structures. Severity, occurrence, and detection scores were assigned to each failure mode, and the risk priority numbers (RPNs) were calculated. High-risk failures were concentrated in signal processing and transmission components. To support design decisions, we also performed a quality function deployment (QFD) analysis. The critical user and certification requirements were linked to technical responses and environmental test conditions. Humidity, lifetime, and low-temperature resistance were identified as key factors. The combination of FMEA and QFD enables efficient resource allocation and helps prioritize design improvements, contributing to enhanced sensor reliability for application in hydrogen-based marine environments.
Abstract
As part of the global transition toward carbon-free marine fuels to meet IMO 2050 targets, liquefied hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative. However, its cryogenic storage conditions requirements and explosion risks necessitate highly reliable pressure monitoring devices. This study applies failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to evaluate the reliability of pressure sensors and transmitters used in hydrogen-storage ship systems, which are exposed to extreme environments such as cryogenic temperatures, high pressure, humidity, and electromagnetic interference. Failure modes were identified through expert analysis of smart and cylindrical sensor structures. Severity, occurrence, and detection scores were assigned to each failure mode, and the risk priority numbers (RPNs) were calculated. High-risk failures were concentrated in signal processing and transmission components. To support design decisions, we also performed a quality function deployment (QFD) analysis. The critical user and certification requirements were linked to technical responses and environmental test conditions. Humidity, lifetime, and low-temperature resistance were identified as key factors. The combination of FMEA and QFD enables efficient resource allocation and helps prioritize design improvements, contributing to enhanced sensor reliability for application in hydrogen-based marine environments.