학교기반 자살예방 프로그램 : 장점과 제한에 대한 교사의 인식
Suicide Prevention Program in Schools : Teacher’s Perception of Benefits and Barriers
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본 연구결과 교사들이 학교기반 자살예방 프로그램의 필요성을 높게 인식하고 있었다. 이는 청소년 자살문제 해결에있어 학교 역할의 중요성을 지역사회와 학교체계에서 전반적으로 공감하고 있다는 점에서 자살예방사업의 긍정적인기반이 마련되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 그렇지만 자살예방 프로그램을 실제 학교에서 시행하기 위한 전문적 인력과 효과적인 예방 프로그램이 충분히 확보되지 않고 있으며, 표준화된 예방 프로그램의 기준이 확립되지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 국내 자살예방 프로그램이 학교 내에서 성공적으로 자리 잡기 위해서는 학교의 지지적 체계, 학교장과 교직원의자살예방 인식, 전담 교사의 역량, 교육과정 개발 및 외부 지역사회 자원과 연계와 같은 다양한 선행 조건 등 많은 과제가 해결되어야 함을 시사한다. 이러한 어려움은 학교기반 자살예방 프로그램의 체계적 실시와 지속적 평가, 효과성에 대한 과학적 검증 절차를 통해 점차 해결될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to identify the level of awareness regarding schoolbased suicide prevention programs in teachers who were in charge of the suicide prevention project, and to derive plans for future improvement. Methods A total of 582 teachers working in elementary, middle, and high schools across the country participated in this study. For the study, school-based suicide prevention programs were divided into four programs : curriculum-based program, staff in-service training, screening, and postvention ; the teachers’ opinions regarding each program were then gathered by conduct of an online survey. Results The results indicated that participants chose the curriculum-based program as the most easily implementable program (65.6%), and postvention as the most difficult program to implement (52.9%). The curriculum-based program was implementable due to availability of procedure. Evasion of legal responsibility was significantly greater in postvention, making the program more desirable. Barriers to effective implementation include students’ and parents’ resistance to screening as well as time constraints in staff in-service training. Conclusion These results suggest that a variety of preceding conditions must necessarily be prepared for successful implementation of each type of suicide prevention program. Policy implications and future directions are then discussed.
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