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탄소세가 GDP, 에너지사용량, 탄소배출량, 고용에 미치는 영향 분석: 이중배당가설을 중심으로

The Impact of Carbon Tax on GDP, Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions, and Employment: Focusing on Double Dividend Hypothesis

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주제분류경제학

초록

환경세나 탄소세의 도입이 환경개선(1차 배당효과)뿐만 아니라 경제성장에도 긍정적인 효과(2차배당효과)를 준다는 이중배당가설에 대한 성립여부는 현재진행형인 중요한 연구주제이다. 이러한점에서 본 연구에서는 탄소세를 도입 및 시행하고 있는 국가들 중에서 탄소세를 도입한 연도와 탄소세의 수준 그리고 배출권거래제도 병행여부 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 9개국을 선정하여 패널분석을진행하였다. 추정과정에서는 2차 배당효과 중 ‘강 배당효과’로 알려진 환경세나 탄소세의 도입이 GDP나 고용을상승시키는지 여부를 중점적으로 살펴보았다. 추정결과, 장기식에서는 1차 배당효과는 성립하였으나2차 배당효과는 성립하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 1차 배당효과와 2차 배당효과가 모두존재하는 이중배당가설은 성립하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

Whether the introduction of environmental or carbon taxes has a positive effect not only on environmental improvement (the first dividend effect) but also on economic growth (the second dividend effect) is an important research topic currently in progress. In this regard, this study selected nine countries from among the countries that introduced and implemented the carbon tax, considering the year of introducing the carbon tax, the level of the carbon tax, and whether the emission trading system was implemented. Panel analysis was conducted on the nine selected countries. In the estimation process, we focused on whether the introduction of environmental or carbon taxes, known as the “strong dividend effect,” among the second dividend effects, raises GDP or employment. As a result of the estimation, it was found that the first dividend effect existed in the long-term equation, but the second dividend effect did not exist. In conclusion, it was found that the double dividend hypothesis, in which both the first and second dividend effects exist, was not confirmed.

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