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탄소세제 도입의 거시경제 효과: DSGE 모형을 중심으로

The Macroeconomic Impact of Introducing a Carbon Tax in South Korea

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주제분류정책학

초록

본 연구는 다양한 거시경제 충격을 반영한 동태 확률적 일반균형(DSGE) 모형을 구축하고 베이지언 기법을 통해 모형의 모수들을 조율하여, 탄소세 도입이 한국 경제 전반에 미치는 거시경제 효과에 대한 반사실적 모의실험을 수행하였다. 탄소세가 도입된 경제와 그렇지 않은 벤치마크 경제를 비교해 본 결과 탄소세 도입의 효과가 비교적 제도 도입 초기에 나타났으며, 장기적으로 1% 내외의 GDP 감소와 2% 정도의 실업 증가를 통해 탄소 배출량이 약 30% 정도 감축될 것으로 예측되었다. 여러 충격들 가운데 예상치 못한 기술충격, 정부지출 및 통화정책 충격 등의 발생을 가정해 볼 경우 두 경제 간 경기변동의 큰 차이가 나타나지는 않았으나 탄소세가 시행된 경제 내에서 CO2 배출량의 변동성이 다소 축소되는 모습이 나타났다.

Abstract

This study builds a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model that reflects various macroeconomic shocks and adjusts the parameters of the model through Bayesian estimation to simulate the macroeconomic effects of introducing a carbon tax in the Korean economy. When comparing two model economies, one with carbon taxation and the other one without, we find that the impacts of carbon tax are observed in relatively early stages of implementation. In the long-run, it lessens CO2 emissions by about 30%, through 1% reduction in GDP and 2% increase in unemployment. Considering multiple macroeconomic shocks, we do not find significant differences in cyclical fluctuations between two economies in response to unanticipated technology, government spending, or monetary policy shocks. Nevertheless, the variation of domestic CO2 emissions tends to be lower after the implementation of the carbon tax.

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