미국의 죽음교육의 역사적 발전과정과 이론적 관점에 대한 고찰
A Study on the Historical development and Theoretical Perspective on American Death Education
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초록
이 연구는 미국의 죽음교육의 역사적 발전과정과 주요 이론적 관점을 고찰한다. 먼저 본고는 미국의 죽음교육의 역사적 발전과정을 탐색기, 발전기, 대중화기, 성숙기의 과정으로 크게 나누어 살펴본다. 미국의 죽음교육은 초기부터 이론과 실제가 긴밀하게 연결되었고, 다양한 학제적 연구가 시도되었으며 활발한 학술활동 및 교육프로그램의 확산을 통해 성장하였다. 또한 미국의 죽음교육은 사회의 변화와 문제에 대응하여 주제영역이 확장되었고 접근방법도 다양해졌다. 미국 죽음교육의 목적은 죽음에 대한 객관적 이해를 토대로 적절한 삶의 가치관을 재정립하는 것이다. 미국의 죽음교육은 모든 연령과 직업군을 대상으로 형식적 교육 및 비형식적 교육을 폭넓게 수행하고 있으며 죽음관련 전문가에 대한 체계적인 전문교육도 병행되고 있다. 철학적 관점의 죽음교육은 죽음의 본질 및 가치적인 차원을 숙고하는 데 초점이 있고, 심리학적 관점은 임종 및 사별과 연관된 감정의 변화 및 그에 대한 효과적인 대처에 초점이 있다. 본고는 결론적으로 미국의 죽음교육을 통하여 한국에서의 폭넓고 체계적인 죽음연구 및 죽음과 삶을 연결하여 사고할 수 있는 가치관을 함양하는 교육과정을 제안한다.
Abstract
This study examines the historical development of death education in the United States and its key theoretical perspectives. First, we look at the historical development of death education in the U.S. divided into exploratory, generator, popularization, and maturing processes. Death education in the United States was closely linked to theory and practice, various interdisciplinary studies were attempted, and grew through active academic activities and the spread of educational programs. Death education in the United States has also expanded its subject area and diversified approaches in response to changes and problems in society. The purpose of American death education is to redefine proper values of life based on an objective understanding of death. Death education in the U.S. offers a wide range of formal and informal education for all ages and occupational groups, along with systematic professional education for death-related professionals. Death education from a philosophical perspective focuses on considering the nature and value of death, and psychological perspective focuses on changes in emotions associated with death and bereavement and effective coping with them. In conclusion, this study proposes a broad and systematic study of death in Korea and a curriculum that fosters values that can connect death and life through the education of death in the United States.
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