플랫폼협동조합의 출현과 성장을 위한 기제에 관한 고찰: 승차와 배달서비스 분야 플랫폼협동조합 사례를 중심으로
A Study on the Mechanism of Emergence and Growth of Platform Cooperatives: Focusing on Ride Hailing and Delivery Service
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초록
우리나라에서 자본주의적 플랫폼기업이 크게 확산되고 2만 개 이상의 협동조합이 설립되고 있음에도 플랫폼협동조합을 찾아보기 어렵다. 이 논문은 이윤추구형 플랫폼기업의 대안으로서 출현하고 있는 플랫폼협동조합의 지속가능성에 관한 연구문헌을 검토하고 승차서비스와 배달서비스 분야에서의 디지털플랫폼 협동조합이 어떻게 설립되고 발전하고 있는지를 살펴본다. 특히 이 협동조합들의 성장에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 크게 환경요인, 사회적･환경적 가치 설정 및 거버넌스, 그리고 조합원 간 협력과 연대의 요인 등으로 대별하여 플랫폼협동조합의 지속가능성에 관한 가설을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과의 학문적 의의와 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
In Korea, it is difficult to find platform cooperatives even though capitalist platform companies are increasing greatly with more than 20,000 cooperatives being established. This paper reviews research literature on the sustainability of platform cooperatives, which are emerging as an alternative to profit-seeking platform companies, and examines how digital platform cooperatives in the ride hailing and delivery service fields are established and developed. In particular, this paper proposes three hypotheses about the emergence and sustainability of platform cooperatives with regard to environmental factors, social and environmental value setting and governance, and factors of cooperation and solidarity among members. Finally, the academic significance and policy implications of the results of this study are presented.
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