PECS를 이용한 자폐장애 유아의 자발적 의사표현 행동 향상
The Effects of PECS on Spontaneous Expression of Young Children with Autistic Disorder
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본 논문은 의사소통 능력이 부족한 자폐장애 유아들에게 그림교환의사소통체계(PECS)를 적용한 효과를 밝히고자 수행된 것이다. 구체적인 연구목적은 PECS가 자발적 의사표현 행동을 향상시키는지, 향상된 행동이 유지 및 일반화되는지, 그리고 자발적 의사표현 행동이 완전히 습득되기 위해 어느 정도의 훈련이 필요한지를 밝히는 것이다. 5세 유아 3명을 대상으로 대상자간 중다기초선설계를 이용하여 PECS의 1, 2단계 적용효과를 알아본 결과, 연구대상 모두는 중재의 시작과 더불어 기초선단계보다 30%이상의 급격한 자발적 의사표현 향상을 보였고, 중재가 중단된 이후에도 높은 수준으로 유지되었다. 또한 다른 환경과 다른 사람에게도 의사표현 행동이 일반화되어 나타났다. 중재기간동안 100%의 완전한 수행이 나타나기까지 소요된 회기는 10-13회기였다. 따라서 PECS는 자폐장애 유아들의 자발적 의사소통 행동을 향상시키기 위한 효과적인 전략으로 평가될 수 있다.
Abstract
Autistic children often don't have the interpersonal relationships by means of their will and have a large number of difficulty in expressing their thoughts and feelings properly. This study examined the effectiveness of PECS for autistic children. Data regarding acquisition, maintenance, generalization, and number of session required to perform perfectly were obtained. Three 5-year-old autistic children participated in this study. The experimental design was multiple baseline design across subjects and the strategy was stage 1 and 2 of PECS, training for spontaneous attempt and generalization for spontaneous attempt. The results of this study are as follows: 1) As a consequence of PECS for requesting objects of young children with autistic disorder, it was increased that the level of advanced performance in requesting objects. 2) 3 subjects showed almost the same level with the intervention sessions in the maintenance sessions and the incresed level of advanced performance in requesting objects was generalized to another adult and in new place. 3) It was 10-13 sessions required to perform perfectly spontaneous expression behavior.
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