사회공포증의 인지모형과 경험연구에 대한 고찰
Review of the Cognitive Model of Social Phobia and Empirical Research
0
조회
0
다운로드
13
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
사회공포증의 인지모형은 정보처리이론에 근거하여 사회공포증의 발생과 유지를 잘 설명하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 사회공포증의 세 가지 인지모형을 살펴보고 이 세 인지모형에서 제안하는 사회공포증의 인지적 특성인 주의편향, 해석편향, 기억편향, 심상편향에 대한 실험연구를 소개하고 사회공포증의 인지적 측면에 대한 연구방향을 논의하였다. 인지 편향에 대한 경험적 연구들을 고찰해 본 결과, 첫째, 사회공포증이 있는 사람들은 전반적으로 사회적 위협정보에 주의편향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 자극의 종류에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 위협단어에 대해서는 주의편향이 일어났으나, 위협표정에는 주의편향이 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 사회공포증이 있는 사람들은 사회적 상황에서 자신의 수행을 부정적으로 해석하는 경향이 있었다. 셋째, 모호한 (혹은 중립적인) 자극을 부정적으로 해석하는 해석편향을 나타냈다. 넷째, 기억편향은 외현기억편향과 암묵기억편향으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 외현기억편향을 지지하는 연구결과는 상대적으로 적었다. 그러나 부정적 자기 관련정보에 대한 외현기억편향이 나타났다. 암묵기억편향은 나타나지 않았다. 넷째, 사회공포증이 높은 사람들은 심상편향을 가지고 있으며, 그 심상은 과거에 경험한 외상과 관련이 있었고, 심상은 자신의 관점 보다는 타인의 관점에서 형성된 것이었다. 마지막으로 정보처리에 대한 앞으로의 연구방향을 논의하였다.
Abstract
This review discussed an introduction to the cognitive models that cause and maintain social phobia. The empirical research of attention, interpretation, Memory and Imagery were discussed. People with social phobia exhibited increased attention to potentially threatening social information. But, attention bias was different with the priming stimuli, They also tended to interpret ambiguous social information as negative and failed to interpret positively an ambiguous social information. They did not retrieve more socially threatening informations in explicit and implicit memory task. But, they retrieved more negative self-related information. Negative self-imagery was often evoked in social situations in retropective research. Such imagery has been associate with pas traumatic accidents. and these increase anxiety and poorer performance in social situations. Finally, future directions of researchs for cognitive processes were suggested.
참고문헌 (61)
- 강봉균, "시냅스와 자아" (2009), 소소
- 김은정, "사회공포증" (2000), 학지사
- 박신재, "위협적 해석편향에 미치는 영향: 온라인 텍스트 이해와 어휘판단과제의 점화효과", 석사, pp.2003
- 박신재, "사회 불안과 모호한 사회적 상황에 대한 해석 편향", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 12(1), pp.95~110 (2007), 한국건강심리학회
- 이경숙, "얼굴표정자극에 대한 사회공포성향집단의 주의 편향", 석사, pp.2004
- 조용래, "역기능적 신념과 부적응적인 자동적 사고가 사회공포증상에 미치는 영향", 박사, pp.1998
- 조용래, "대인불안에 대한 인지적 평가: 사회적 상호작용에 대한 자기 효능감 척도의 개발과 타당도에 관한 연구", 심리학의 연구문제, 4, pp.397~434 (1997)
- 홍영근, "사회적 위협자극에 대한 사회공포성향집단의 기억편향", 석사, pp.2003
- 홍영근, "사회공포증이 있는 사람들의 자기수행에 대한 부정적 해석편향", 특수교육재활과학연구, 48(4), pp.59~76 (2009), 특수교육재활과학연구소
- 홍영근, "심상이 사회불안 성향 대학생의 해석편향에 미치는 영향", 박사, pp.2009
- Alden, L. E., "Social phobia and social appraisal in successful and unsuccessful social interactions", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(5), pp.497~505 (1995)
- American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.)" (1994), Author
- The modified directed-forgetting effect in anxious samples: Validation and application, "Amir, N.", submitted for publication, ~ (2000)
- Amir, N., "Negative interpretation bias in social phobia", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(10), pp.945~957 (1998)
- Amir, N., "Suppression of the emotional Stroop effect by increased anxiety in patients with social phobia", Behavior Research and Therapy, 34(11), pp.945~948 (1996)
- Asmundson, G. J. G, "Selective processing of social threat in patients with generalized social phobia: Evaluation using a dot-probe paradigm", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 8(2), pp.107~117 (1994)
- Beck, A., "Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective" (1985), Basic Books
- Behrmann, M., "The Neuropsychology of mental imagery" (1996), Pergamon
- Bennett, M., "The role of self-focused attention in children’'s attributions of social emotions to the self", Journal of Genetic Psychology, 152(3), pp.303~309 (1991)
- Buss, A. H., "The development of embarrassment", Journal of Psychology, 103(2), pp.227~230 (1979)
- Calvo, M. G., "Ego-threat interpretative bias in test anxiety: On-line inferences", Cognition and Emotion, 8(2), pp.127~146 (1994)
- Chen, Y. P., "Patients with social phobia direct their attention away from faces" (2001), Presented at the annual EABCT Congress
- Clark D. M., "Information processing in social phobia", Biological Psychiatry, 51(1), pp.92~100 (2002)
- Clark, D. M., "A cognitive model of social phobia. in: Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment" (1995), Guilford Press
- Cloitre, M., "Memory bias does not generalize across anxiety disorders", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), pp.305~307 (1995)
- Constans, J. I., "Interpretive biases for ambiguous stimuli in social anxiety", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37(7), pp.613~651 (1999)
- Hackmann, A., "Recurrent images and early memories in social phobia", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(6), pp.601~610 (2000)
- Hackmann, A., "Seeing yourself through other's eyes: a study of spontaneously occurring images in social phobia", Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26(1), pp.3~12 (1998)
- Hambrick, J, "The experience of disability and quality of life in social anxiety disorder", Depression and Anxiety, 18(1), pp.46~50 (2003)
- Heinrichs, N., "Information processing in social phobia: A critical review and preliminary model", Clinical Psychology Review, 21(5), pp.751~77 (2001)
- Hirsch C. R., "Information-processing bias in social phobia", Clinical Psychology Review, 24(7), pp.799~825 (2004)
- Hirsch, C. R., "Imagery and Interpretations in Social Phobia: Support for the Combined Cognitive Biases Hypothesis", Behavior Therapy, 37(3), pp.223~236 (2006)
- Hirsch, C. R., "Self-images play a causal role in social phobia", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(8), pp.901~921 (2003)
- Hirsch, C. R., "Interpretative inferences when reading about emotional events", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(12), pp.1123~1132 (1997)
- Hirsch, C. R., "Impaired positive inferential bias in social phobia", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(4), pp.705~712 (2000)
- Hirsch, C. R., "Negative self-imagery blocks inferences", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(12), pp.1383~1396 (2003)
- Hirsch, C. R., "The causal role of negative imagery in social anxiety: A test in confident public speakers", Journal of Behavior Therapy and Eaperimental Psychiatry, 37(2), pp.159~170 (2006)
- Hirsch, C. R., "Negative self-imagery in social anxiety contaminates social situations", Memory, 12(4), pp.496~506 (2004)
- Hope, D. A., "Representations of the self in social phobia: vulnerability to social threat", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(2), pp.177~189 (1990)
- Hudson, J. L., "The Origins of Social Phobia", Behavior Modification, 24(1), pp.102~129 (2000)
- Katzelnick, D. J., "Impact of generalized social anxiety disorder in managed care", The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(12), pp.1999~2007 (2001)
- Kessler, R. C., "Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-Ⅳ Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication", Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), pp.593~602 (2005)
- Lewis, M., "Changes in embarrassment as a function of age, sex and situation", British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(4), pp.485~492 (1991)
- Lundh, L. G., "Face recognition in patients with social phobia", Scandinavian Journal of Behavior Therapy, 23, pp.139~148 (1996)
- Lundh, L. G., "Recognition bias for critical faces in social phobics", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34(10), pp.787~794 (1996)
- MacLeod, C., "Anxiety and the interpretation of ambiguity: A text comprehension study", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(2), pp.238~247 (1993)
- Mansell, W., "How do I appear to others? Social anxiety and processing of the observable self", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37(5), pp.419~439 (1999)
- Mattia, J. I., "The revised Stroop color-naming task in social phobics", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31(3), pp.305~313 (1993)
- Mellings, T. M. B., "Cognitive processes in social anxiety: The effects of self-focus, rumination and anticipatory processing", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(3), pp.243~257 (2000)
- Musa, C. Z., "Cognitive aspects of social phobia: A review of theories and experimental research", European Psychiatry, 15(1), pp.59~66 (2000)
- Musa, C. Z., "Selective attention in social phobia and the moderating effect of a concurrent depressive disorder", Behavior Research and Therapy, 41(9), pp.1043~1054 (2003)
- Pineles, S. L., "Attentional biases to internal and external sources of potential threat in social anxiety", Journal of abnormal psychology, 114(2), pp.314~318 (2005)
- Rapee, R. M., "Discrepancy between self and observer ratings of performance in social phobics", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101(4), pp.727~731 (1992)
- Rapee, R. M., "A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia", Behavior Research and Therapy, 35(8), pp.741~756 (1997)
- Rapee, R. M., "Memory bias in social phobia", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, pp.89~99 (1994)
- Schneier, F. R., "Social Phobia: Comorbidity and morbidity in an epidemiologic sample", Archives of General Psychiatry, 49(4), pp.282~288 (1992)
- Spokas, M. E., "Cognitive biases in social phobia", Psychiatry, 6(5), pp.204~210 (2007)
- Stopa, L., "Social phobia and interpretation of social events", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(3), pp.273~283 (2000)
- Veljaca, K. A., "Detection of negative and positive audience behaviours by socially anxious subjects", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(3), pp.311~321 (1998)
- Williams, J. M. G., "Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders (2nd ed.)" (1997), John Willey & Sons
- Yuen, P. K., "Social anxiety and the allocation of attention: Evaluation using facial stimuli in a dot-probe paradigm. Unpublished research profect, Department of Experimental Psychology" (1994), University of Oxford
