고 사회 불안 성인의 위협 자극에 대한 주의 및 기억 편향
Attention and Memory Bias to threatened stimuli in Individuals with High Social Anxiety
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초록
사회 불안 장애를 가진 사람들은 사회적 맥락에서 위협적인 자극에 대한 주의 편향을 나타내는 경향이 있다. 최근연구들에서 이러한 주의 편향은 비교적 일관되게 보고되는 반면, 위협 자극에 대한 기억 편향에 대한 연구는 드물며그 결과 또한 혼재되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 고 사회불안 개인의 위협 자극에 대한 주의 편향 및 기억 편향을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 고 사회불안(HSA) 그룹 19명과 저 사회불안(LSA) 20명이 모집되었으며, 참가자들은 위협에 대한 주의 편향을 측정하는 연속 주의 과제를 수행하였다. 주의 과제 후, 참가자들은 이전 주의 과제에서 사용된방해자극을 사용한 예기치 못한 기억 과제를 수행하였다. 실험 결과, HSA 집단과 LSA 집단 모두 방해자극인 정서적얼굴에 대한 초기 주의 편향이 나타났다. 그러나, 분노 얼굴 자극에 대한 주의 유지 현상은 HSA 집단에게서만 발견되었다. 또한, HSA 집단은 기억 과제에서도 분노 얼굴에 대해 기억 편향을 나타냈다. 반면, LSA 집단의 경우 긍정정서인 행복 얼굴에 대한 후기 주의 편향이 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 부정적 자극에 대한 과도한 편향과 긍정적자극에 대한 편향의 부재가 사회 불안 장애의 유지 및 심각성 등 병태 생리에 기여할 수 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
Individuals with social anxiety disorders tend to hold attentional bias toward threatening stimuli in social contexts regardless of task relevance. Although attentional bias is relatively consistent, findings on memory performance are mixed. This study examined attentional and memory biases toward threat stimuli in individuals with high levels of social anxiety. Participants included 19 individuals with high social anxiety (HSA) and another 20 individuals with low social anxiety (LSA). They performed a continuous attention task to measure attentional bias to threat. Afterward, they performed an unexpected memory task using distracting stimuli from the previous attention task to measure memory bias to task-irrelevant threatening stimuli. The results indicated that the HSA and LSA groups exhibited an initial attentional bias toward emotional faces. However, only the HSA group displayed prolonged attentional bias and demonstrated memory bias toward angry faces. Conversely, the LSA group exhibited attentional bias toward happy faces after 4 s. The findings imply that the absence of bias toward positive stimuli and the presence of bias toward negative stimuli may contribute to the maintenance and severity of social anxiety pathology.
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