언어행위론에 관한 일고찰: 소통학과 권력론을 중심으로
A Study of Speech Act Theory: With Special Reference to Communication Studies and Theory of Power
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본고는 개인간 소통에 초점을 맞춘 소통학과 권력을 수단으로 보는 도구적 권력론의 입장에서 언어행위론을 고찰하였다. 그 목적은 언어행위론의 소통학 및 권력론과의 상호보완적관계를 모색하기 위해서였다. 이를 위해, 첫째 언어행위론의 가장 큰 기여라고 할 수 있는 언어적 소통의 의미 규정의 문제를 소통학의 입장에서 반성적으로 고찰하고, 둘째 언어행위론이 말하는 소통의 규정과 그 문제점은 무엇인지 논의하고, 셋째 언어행위론에 의한 소통과 권력의 관계를 규명하면서 그와 관련된 언어행위론의 문제점을 살펴보고, 마지막으로 언어행위론과 권력론의 의도성의 문제에 비추어 소통학의 의도성의 문제, 특히 소통의 효과에서 의도성의 문제를 논의하였다. 그 결과로 언어행위론은 우리의 일상생활에서 언어가 구체적으로 어떻게 활용되는가를 규명함으로써 소통과 의미의 이해를 심화시켰고, 권력과 소통의 밀접한 관계를 보여주었다. 그러나 소통학이나 권력론의 관점에서 언어행위론은 몇 가지 문제점을 내포하고 있어 이들이 서로 보완적 관계에 있음도 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
This paper is a study of speech act theory from the perspectives ofcommunication studies which focus on interpersonal verbal communication,and theory of power which sees power as an instrument, that is,someone's means to a purpose. The aim was to search for complementaryrelationships between speech act theory on the one hand andcommunication studies and power theory on the other. For the aim, thispaper tries to examine the following problems: firstly, the problem of establishingmeaning, one of the greatest contribution by speech act theory,from the communication studies perspective; secondly, the way thatlinguistic communication is defined by speech act theory and its problems;thirdly, the relationship mediated by speech acts between powerand communication and problems of speech act theory in terms of powertheory; and lastly, the problem of intention in communication, especiallyin its effects, as entailed by speech act theory. As a result of this inquiry,speech act theory, through examining how ordinary language is used,deepens the understanding of communication and meaning, and mediatesthe close relationship between power and communication. However, from the perspectives of communication studies and powertheory, speech act theory also has some drawbacks, which shows thatspeech act theory, communication studies, and theory of power are in complementary relationships to each other.
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