중소 가족기업의 기존경영자-후계자 관계가 승계유효성에 미치는 영향: 승계준비도의 매개효과를 중심으로
The Study on the Effects of Predecessor-Successor Relationship on Effective Succession: Focusing on Mediating Effect of Succession Preparedness
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중소기업의 대부분을 차지하는 가족기업에서, 승계는 기업의 생존과 관련된 매우 중요한 사건이지만, 현실적으로 많은 가족기업들의 승계준비가 충분하지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 중소 가족기업의 성공적 승계를 위해서 승계준비도에 초점을 맞추어 연구했다. 후계자의 승계를 위한 노력과 승계이후에 대한 이해 및 계획, 승계를 위한 기반 등의 승계준비도가 승계의 유효성을 높일 수 있는지 조사했다. 또한 승계준비도의 선행요인으로는 가족 차원의 기존경영자-후계자 관계를 분석하여, 승계준비도의 매개효과에 초점을 맞추어 연구를 진행하였다. 승계를 경험했거나 앞두고 있는 국내 중소 가족기업의 최고경영자를 대상으로 한 설문 조사 118부를 분석한 결과 기존-후계 최고경영자간 관계는 기업의 승계유효성에 정(+)의 효과를 미쳤고, 승계준비도가 매개효과를 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 승계준비도는 승계과정 및 이후 성과에 미치는 영향력이 더 유효한 것으로 나타났으며, 승계준비도 중 후계자의 노력이 중요한 요인으로 나타났다.
Abstract
AMost of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea are owned by family, and succession process of these companies are critical event for their survival. However, in reality, most family owned SMEs are not well prepared for succession. This study focuses on succession preparedness in order for SMEs to have effective succession. In particular, this study investigates whether the sub- factors of succession preparedness such as the efforts of successors, understandings and plans after succession, and the groundwork for succession, influence the effective succession. Also, it examines a family-level factor of the predecessor-successor relationship as a precedence to facilitate succession preparedness, and analyzes the mediating effect of succession preparedness between predecessor-successor relationship and effective succession. This study is an empirical study based on the survey for 118 top managers of Korean family SMEs, who have experienced or are expecting the succession. As a result, we found a direct positive effect and mediating effects of succession preparedness between predecessor-successor relationship and effective succession. Especially, succession preparedness strongly mediates the link between predecessor- successor relationship and firm performance after the succession, rather than the satisfactory succession process. In addition, the efforts of successor are found to be the most critical factor among the succession preparedness. Finally, implications and future research suggestions are discussed.
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