대통령 취임 연설의 제의적(Epideictic) 특성 수사 분석 : 버락 오바마 미국 대통령 취임연설문을 중심으로
Epideictic Features of President Obama’s Inauguration Address
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초록
본 논문은 아리스토텔레스가 분류한 고대 수사학의 세 가지 장르 중 하나인 제의적 (epideictic) 장르의 특성을 문헌 검토를 통해 1) 청중통합, 2) 국가 이상의 가치적 특성과 철학의 피력, 3) 영원한 현재를 지향하는 시간성 등 세 가지로 분석하고, 각각의 특성이 버락 오바마 대통령 취임 연설문에 어떻게 반영되고 구현되고 있는지 분석했다. 분석 방법으로는 수사 분석 기법의 하나인 단어 분석(lexicon analysis)을 사용했다. 연구결과, 오바마 연설문은 ‘우리’를 핵심 주어로 사용해 청중과 화자의 구분을 없애고, 다양한 인종과 종교와 이념의 경계를 넘는 어휘의 선택으로 전 세계 청중들을 통합하는 수사를 구사하고 있었으며, 긍정적 가치의 단어들을 연설문의 주된 내용으로 엮음으로서 미국이 지향하는 국가적 이상과 가치관을 천명하고 있었다. 또한 현재형 시제의 사용, 과거와 미래의 연장선에서 현재를 조명하는 시제활용을 통해 영원한 현재를 지향하는 등 고대 수사학 이론에 충실한 제의적 특 성을 나타내고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 심의적(deliberative) 장르나 사법적(judicial) 장르와 구분되는 이 같은 제의적 특성의 현존은 미국 대통령제가 그동안 구축해온 수사적 리더십의 한 단면을 나타내며, 현대적 제의(祭儀)로서 자리매김한 대통령 취임식의 상징적 효과를 웅변한다.
Abstract
Epideictic is a division of persuasive discourse in oratory dealing with values that bring a group together, Its aim is to condemn or to eulogize an individual, cause, occasion, movement, or state, and it is often called the rhetoric of ceremony and commemoration. This paper is a rhetorical analysis of President Barack Obama’s inaugural address, focusing on its epideictic features. Literature review on classical and modern rhetorical studies reveals that the epideictic oratory is believed to qualify the following three characteristics: construction of unified audience; rehearsing national values and administrative philosophy; and achievement of eternal present. The result of lexicon analysis of Obama’s inaugural showed that the epideictic features of classical context were eminently displayed in modern presidency in the United States. President Obama employed a powerful lexicon of unity, speaking to an audience as a whole, and he was doing so by portraying national and individual virtues as enduring national philosophy. His speech used present tense as an interlocking device that connects nation’s past and future, thereby achieving the sense of ‘eternal present.’ In view of the Aristotle’s insight that different systems of government generate different types of discourse, it is suggestive that Korea as a nation that shares a tradition of democracy and president system may benefit from the epideictic features of the western rhetorical heritage, specifically the ones displayed in Obama’s inaugural.
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