환경불확실성과 경쟁전략의 적합성이 중소기업의 성과에 미치는 영향
The Effects of the Fit between Environmental Uncertainty and Competitive Strategy on SMEs’ Performance
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중소기업의 환경요인과 경쟁전략간 환경-전략 적합성이 조직성과에 영향을 미치는지와 그 과정에서 조직특성과 경영자 특성의 역할에 관한 실증연구이다. 대구지역 중소기업 대상 3년간의 패널 데이터를 활용하여 분석을 진행하였다. 회귀분석 결과 경쟁전략 중 차별화전략의 환경-전략 적합성은 투자수익률과 제품경쟁력에 모두 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났지만 저원가전략의 환경-전략 적합성은 성과에 모두 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 개발문화는 저원가전략일 때의 환경-전략 적합성과 투자수익률의 관계를 약화시키지만 제품경쟁력과의 관계는 정적으로 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 제안제도와 기업가정신은 같은 결과를 보였는데, 환경불확실성에 대응한 차별화전략일 때에만 투자수익률과 제품경쟁력의 관계를 정적으로 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 중소기업 대상으로 시간적 경과를 고려한 종단연구라는 점과 환경-전략 적합성과 성과의 관계에서 조절역할을 하는 요인을 고찰하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This is an empirical study on whether the environmental-strategy fit between environmental uncertainty and competitive strategies of SMEs affects organizational performance, and the role of organizational characteristics and managerial characteristics in the process. The analysis was conducted using panel data of 3 years for SMEs in Daegu city. As a result of the regression analysis, it was found that the environmental-strategic fit of the differentiation strategy had a significant effect on both the investment return and product competitiveness, but the environmental-strategic fit of the low-cost strategy did not show any significant effect on the performance. It was found that developmental culture weakened the relationship between environment- strategy fit and investment return in the case of a low-cost strategy, but positively strengthened the relationship with product competitiveness. The suggestion program and entrepreneurship showed the same results, but only when it was a differentiation strategy in response to environmental uncertainty, it was found that the relationship between investment return and product competitiveness was positively strengthened. This study is significant in that it is a longitudinal study considering the passage of time for SMEs and that it examines moderating effects in the relationship between environment-strategy fit and performance.
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