본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

경영환경, 경쟁전략 및 기업 내부역량 간의 적합성이 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

A Study on the Effects of the Fit among Environment, Strategy and Competence on Firm Performance

유정민|임성준|추승엽
한국전략경영학회 (Korean Strategic Management Society)|2009.06|전략경영연구 (Journal of Strategic Management)|제12권 제1호|pp. 101-126|DOI 10.17786/jsm.2009.12.1.005

0

조회

0

다운로드

69

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

environment기업성과적합성경쟁전략competitive strategy경영환경fitfirm performance내부역량internal competence
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 전략적 상황이론 및 자원준거관점을 바탕으로, 경영환경과 경쟁전략 간 관계 및 기업 내부역량과 경쟁전략 간 관계와 이들 요인 간의 적합성이 기업의 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 실증분석 하였다. 실증분석에는 국내 28개 산업의 962개 기업을 대상으로 한 설문조사 자료를 이용하였다. 실증분석 결과, 경영환경은 기업의 경쟁전략 선택에 영향을 미치며, 특히 환경 불확실성과 차별화 전략은 매우 유의한 정(+)의 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 각 전략유형 별로 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 특정한 기업 내부역량들이 존재하고 있는 것으로 나타나, 기업이 추구하는 전략과 내부역량 간에는 밀접한 관계가 있다는 사실을 밝혀내었다. 한편, 고성과 집단과 저성과 집단으로 표본을 구분하여 환경-전략 적합성, 역량-전략 적합성, 환경-전략(외부적) 및 역량-전략(내부적) 통합적합성을 살펴본 결과, 고성과 집단이 저성과 집단에 비해 적합성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 실증연구의 결과는 경영환경과 경쟁전략, 내부역량과 경쟁전략, 환경-전략 및 역량-전략의 통합적합성이 성과창출에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있다는 점을 시사하고 있다.

Abstract

Based on the strategic contingency theory and the resource based view, this study analyzed relationships among business environment, competitive strategy and competence and the effects of their fit on firm performance. Hypotheses were tested over a sample of 962 domestic companies in 28 different industries. Empirical result of hypotheses without performance implications showed that, in accordance to the strategic contingency theory, business environment affected the firm's choice of competitive strategy; and in accordance to the resource based view, competence of the firm was closely related with the firm's choice of competitive strategy. In order to test hypotheses involving performance implication, we divided firms in our sample into high-performance and low-performance groups, and investigated the differences in various fit scores between groups. Empirical results showed that high-performance groups had better fit scores between business environment and competitive strategy; competence and competitive strategy; environment-strategy(external fit) and competence-strategy(internal fit); than low-performance groups. Such empirical results suggest that, in accordance to the strategic contingency theory and the resource based view, the fit between business environment and competitive strategy; competence and competitive strategy; and the integrated fit among environment-strategy(external fit) and competence-strategy(internal fit), all have positive effects on firm performance.

참고문헌 (84)

  1. 권구혁, "우리나라 기업의 경영환경, 경쟁전략 및 조직구조의 관계: 성과에 대한 함의 분석", 전략경영연구, 2(2), pp.41~73 (1999)
  2. 권구혁, "전략적 환경적응력과 조직내부적 적합성이 중소기업의 성과에 미치는 영향", 중소기업연구, 25(2), pp.127~154 (2003), 한국중소기업학회
  3. 이석인, "중소기업의 환경과 전략의 적합이 성과에 미치는 영향", 기업경영연구, 12(1), pp.225~238 (2005), 한국기업경영학회
  4. 이장우, "전략-환경 적합과 기업성과: 신기술 및 전통적기술 배경 아래에서의 상관관계", 경영학연구, 23(3), pp.149~172 (1993)
  5. 정수열, "환경, 전략, 조직구조간의 적합성이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 전략경영연구, 11(3), pp.43~67 (2008), 한국전략경영학회
  6. Aldrich, H. E, "Organization and Environment" (1979), Prentice-Hall
  7. Amit, R. H, "Strategic assets and Organization rent", Strategic Management Journal, 14(3), pp.33~46 (1993)
  8. Andrews, K. R, "The Concept of Corporate Strategy" (1971), Irwin
  9. Barney, J. B, "Strategic Factor Markets:Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy", Management Science, 32(10), pp.1231~1241 (1986)
  10. Barnard, C. I, "The Function of the Executive" (1938), Harvard University Press
  11. Barney, J. B, "Firm Resource and Sustained Competitive Advantage", Journal of Management, 17(1), pp.99~120 (1991)
  12. Barney, J. B, "Looking inside for Competitive Advantage", Academy of Management Executive, 9(4), pp.49~61 (1995)
  13. Burns, T, "The Management of Innovation" (1961), Tavistock
  14. Chan, Y. E, "Investigating Information System Strategic Alignment", Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Information Systems, pp.15~18 (1993), International Conference on Information Systems
  15. Chandler, A, "Strategy and Structure" (1962), MIT Press
  16. Child, J, "Organizational structure, environment and performance: The role of strategic choice", Sociology, 6, pp.2~22 (1972)
  17. Churchill, G. A, "Research Design Effects on the Reliability of Rating Scale: A Meta-analysis", Journal of Marketing Research, 21(4), pp.360~375 (1984)
  18. Conant, J. S, "Strategic Types, Distinctive Marketing Competences and Organizational Performance: A Multiple Measure-based Study", Strategic Management Journal, 11, pp.365~383 (1990)
  19. Conner, K. R, "A Historical Comparison of Resource-based theory and Five School of Thought with Industrial Organization Economics: Do we have a new theory of the firm?", Journal of Management, 17(1), pp.121~154 (1991)
  20. Cyert, R. M, "A Behavioral Theory of the Firm" (1963), Prentice Hall
  21. Day, G. S, "Strategic Market Planning: The Pursuit of Competitive Advantage" (1984), West
  22. Dess, G. G, "Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments", Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(1), pp.52~73 (1984)
  23. Dess, G. G, "Porter's generic strategies as determinants of strategic group membership and organization performance", Academy of Management Review, 27, pp.467~488 (1984)
  24. Downey, H. K, "Congruence between Individual Needs, Organizational Climate, Job Satisfaction and Performance", Academy of Management, 3, pp.152~154 (1975)
  25. Drazin, R, "Alternative Forms of Fit in Contingency Theory", Administrative Science Quarterly, 30(40), pp.514~539 (1985)
  26. Eisenhardt, K. M, "Dynamic Capabilities: What Are They?", Strategic Management Journal, 32(3), pp.543~576 (2000)
  27. Ghemawat, P, "Commitment: The Dynamic of Strategy" (1991), The Free Press
  28. Ginsberg, A, "Contingency Perspective of Organizational Strategy: A Critical Review of the Empirical Research", Academy of Management Journal, 10(3), pp.421~434 (1985)
  29. Govindarajan, V, "Decentralization, Strategy, and Effectiveness of Strategic Business Units in Multibusiness Organization", Academy of Management Review, 11, pp.844~856 (1986)
  30. Govindarajan, V, "A Contingency Approach to Strategy Implementation at the Business-unit level: Integrating Administrative Mechanism with Strategy", Academy of Management Journal, 31, pp.828~853 (1988)
  31. Govindarajan, V, "Strategy,Control systems, and Resource sharing:Effect on business-unit Performance", Academy of Management Journal, 33(2), pp.259~285 (1990)
  32. Grant, R. M, "The Resource Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy", California Management Review, 22, pp.114~135 (1991)
  33. Gupta, A. K, "SBU Strategies, Corporate-SBU Relations, and SBU Effectivness in Strategy Implementation", Academy of Management Journal, 30, pp.477~500 (1987)
  34. Gupta, A. K, "Business Unit Strategy, Managerial Characteristics at Strategy Implementation", Academy of Management Journal, 27, pp.25~41 (1984)
  35. Hambrick, D. C, "High profit strategies in mature capital goods industries: A contingency approach", Academy of Management Journal, 26, pp.687~707 (1983)
  36. Hambrick, D. C, "Some Test of the Effectiveness and Functional Attributes of Miles and Snow's Strategic Types", Academy of Management Journal, 26, pp.5~26 (1983)
  37. Hofer, C, "Strategy Formulation: Analysis Concepts" (1978), West Publishing Co
  38. Hrebiniak, L. G, "Organizational Adaption: Strategic Choice and Environmental Determinism", Administrative Science Quarterly, 30, pp.336~349 (1985)
  39. Jauch, L. R, "Short-term Financial Success in Large Business Organization: The Environment-Strategy Connection", Strategic Management Journal, 1(1), pp.49~63 (1980)
  40. Khandwalla, P. N, "Environment and its impact on the organization", International Studies of Management & Organization, 2(3), pp.297~313 (1972)
  41. Kim, Linsu, "Environment Generic Strategies and Performance in a Rapidly Developing Country", Academy of Management Journal, 31(4), pp.802~827 (1988)
  42. Lee, J, "Strategy, Environment and Performance in Two Technological Contexts: Contingency Theory in Korea", Organization Studies, 17(5), pp.729~750 (1996)
  43. March, J. G, "Organizations" (1958), John Wiley & Sons
  44. March, J. G, "Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning", Organization Science, 2, pp.71~87 (1991)
  45. Mahoney, J. T, "Resource-Base View within the Convergence of Strategic Management", Strategic Management Journal, 13(5), pp.363~380 (1992)
  46. Miles, R. E, "Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process" (1978), McGraw-Hill Book Co
  47. Miller, D, "Configuration of strategy and structure: Towards a synthesis", Strategic Management Journal, 7, pp.233~249 (1986)
  48. Miller, D, "The structural and environmental correlates of business strategy", Strategic Management Journal, 8(1), pp.55~76 (1987)
  49. Miller, D, "Relating Poter's Business Strategies to Environment and Structure Analysis and Performance Implication", Academy of Management Journal, 13(2), pp.280~308 (1988)
  50. Miller, D, "State in the Saddle: CEO Tenure and Match between Organization and Environment", Management Science, 37, pp.34~52 (1991)
  51. Miller, D, "External fit versus internal fit", Organization Science, 3(2), pp.159~178 (1992)
  52. Miller, D, "Industry and country effects on managers' perceptions of environmental uncertainties", Journal of International Business Studies, 24(4), pp.693~714 (1993)
  53. Miller, D, "Strategy Making and Environment: The third link", Strategic Management Journal, 4, pp.221~235 (1983)
  54. Miller, D, "Psychological and Traditional Determinants of Structure", Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, pp.539~560 (1986)
  55. Miller, D, "Porter's generic strategy and performance", Organization Studies, 7, pp.255~263 (1986)
  56. Murray, A, "A contingency view of Porter's generic strategies", Academy of Management Journal, 13(3), pp.390~400 (1988)
  57. Nath, D, "Measuring Strategy Cogerence through Patterns of Strategic Choices", Strategic Management Journal, 14, pp.43~62 (1994)
  58. Penrose, E. T, "The Theory of the Growth of the Firm" (1959), Basil Blackwell
  59. Pfeffer, J, "The external control of organizations" (1978), Harper & Row
  60. Porter, M. E, "Competitive Strategy:Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors" (1980), Free Press
  61. Porter, M. E, "Toward a dynamic theory of strategy", Strategic Management Jounal, 12, pp.95~118 (1991)
  62. Porter, M. E, "Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance" (1985), Free Press
  63. Prahalad, C. K, "The Core Competence of the Corporation", Harvard Business Review, 7, pp.79~91 (1990)
  64. Raubitschek, R, "Hitting the jackpot: Product proliferation by multiproduct firms under uncertainty", International Journal of Industrial Organization, 6, pp.469~488 (1988)
  65. Rumelt, R. P, "Strategy, Structure, and Economic Performance, Division of Research" (1974), Harvard Graduate School Business Administration
  66. Schendel, D. E, "Strategic Management: A New View of Business Policy and Planning" (1979), Little, Brown and Company
  67. Schoeffler, S, "Cross-Sectional Study of Strategy, Structure, and Performance Aspects of the PIMS Program, in Strategy + Structure = Performance", pp.127~155 (1977), Indiana University Press
  68. Segev, E, "A Systematic comparative analysis & synthesis of two business level strategic typology", Strategic Management Journal, 10, pp.487~505 (1989)
  69. Selznick, P, "Leadership in Administration: A Sociological Interpretation" (1957), Harper & Row
  70. Shortell, S. M, "Perceptual and archival measures of Miles and Snow' strategic types: A comprehensive assessment of reliability and validity", Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), pp.817~832 (1990)
  71. Sloan, A, "My Year with General Motor" (1963), Doubleday & Company, Inc
  72. Snow, C. C, "Strategy,Distinctive Competence and Organizational Performance", Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, pp.317~336 (1980)
  73. Starbuck, W. H, "Organizations and their environments, in Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology", pp.1069~1123 (1976), Rand McNally
  74. Starbuck, W. H, "Responding to crises", Journal of Business Administration, 9, pp.111~137 (1978)
  75. Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management,Working Paper,Management,University of California, "Teece, D. J", University of California, ~ (1992)
  76. Thompson, J. D, "Organization in Action" (1967), McGraw-Hill
  77. Thompson, J. D, "Strategic Management; Concept & Cases" (1993), Irwin
  78. Van de Ven, A, "The Concept of Fit in Contingency Theory", Research in Organizational Behavior, 7, pp.333~365 (1985)
  79. Venkatraman, N, "Exploring the concept of fit in strategic management", Academy of Management Review, 9(3), pp.513~525 (1984)
  80. Venkatraman, N, "Environment -strategy Coalignment:An Empirical Test of Its Performance Implication", Strategic Management Journal, 11, pp.1~24 (1990)
  81. Wernerfelt, B, "A Resource Based View of the Firm", Strategic Management Journal, 5, pp.171~180 (1984)
  82. White, R. E, "Generic business strategies, Organizational context and performance:An empirical investigation", Strategic Management Journal, 7, pp.217~231 (1986)
  83. Woodside, A. G, "Assessing Relationships among Strategic Types,Distinctive Marketing Competences and Organizational Performance", Journal of Business Research, 45 (1999)
  84. Zaltman, G. R. Duncan, "Innovations and Organizations" (1973), Willey

관련 논문AI추천

환경, 전략, 조직구조간의 적합성이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구서승범, 임성준, 정수열, 추승엽한국전략경영학회 · 전략경영연구2008 · 제11권 제3호전략적 환경적응력과 조직내부적 적합성이 중소기업의 성과에 미치는 영향권구혁, 신진교한국중소기업학회 · 중소기업연구2003 · 제25권 제2호환경, 전략 및 성과허문구한국산업경영학회 · 경영연구2006 · 제21권 제3호환경불확실성과 경쟁전략의 적합성이 중소기업의 성과에 미치는 영향신진교, 여경환, 이상원한국중소기업학회 · 중소기업연구2022 · 제44권 제4호수출기업의 경영환경과 경영전략, 경영성과에 관한 실증연구조용현한국전문경영인학회 · 전문경영인연구2018 · 제21권 제2호제조업체의 환경, 전략, 그리고 성과에 관한 연구:조합적 경쟁역량의 개념화를 중심으로류춘호, 이정호한국생산관리학회 · 한국생산관리학회지2007 · 제18권 제2호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (4건)

지식 탐색, 흡수능력과 혁신의 속도김봉선, 김언수pp. 1-24대 흥행(block-buster) 드라마의 조건: 드라마의 친숙성, 주연배우 지명도, 인터넷 기사(記事) 등이 시청률에 미치는 영향김경묵pp. 25-54Relational Assets, Interorganizational Mechanisms, and Alliance Performance of Venture Firms in Korea조동성, 김병조pp. 55-77영상콘텐츠 기업의 업종별 사업다각화가 재무성과에 미치는 요인에 관한 실증연구조용래, 김원준pp. 79-99
원문 보기