포스트페미니즘과 그 불만: 영미권 페미니즘 담론에 나타난 세대론과 역사쓰기
Postfeminism and Its Discontents: Problematizing Generation and Historiography in Feminist Discourse
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이 논문은 영미권의 포스트페미니즘 논쟁의 궤적을 추적하면서 주요 쟁점과 문제점을 되짚어봄으로써 현재 페미니즘의 이론 지형을 이해하는 데 기여하고자 한다. 포스트페미니즘에 대한 대략적인 정리를 시도하겠지만, 최종적인 정의를 제출하기보다는 포스트페미니즘을 페미니즘과의 긴장관계라는 맥락에서 이해해야 한다는 입장에 서서 궁극적으로 포스트페미니즘을 페미니즘의 끊임없는 의미화과정으로 파악하기에 초점을 맞춘다. 논문의 전반부에서 포스트페미니즘의 기원과 역사적 맥락을 설명하면서 대략 다섯 가지 정의를 제시한다. 그리고 포스트페미니즘의 대안으로 부상한 세 번째 물결 페미니즘이 그것과 경합하고 교차하는 지점을 분석한다. 후반부에서는 포스트페미니즘의 두 가지 면모에 집중한다. 포스트페미니즘이 치열하게 문제를 제기하는 부분이 여성주체 범주인데 그것을 세대라는 단위로 재구성한다는 점, 그리고 포스트페미니즘이 페미니즘의 역사를 쓰는 한 방식으로 작동한다는 점이다. 즉, 포스트페미니즘을 세대 패러다임에 기반을 둔 여성주체 담론이자 역사쓰기 기획으로 이해하고자 한다. 궁극적으로, 세대 패러다임의 쓸모와 적실성과 한계를 포괄적으로 재평가하는 데에 이 논문의 목적이 있다. 포스트페미니즘 담론이 여성주체에 얽힌 복잡한 문제를 세대 모델로 단순화함으로써 페미니즘 담론의 빈곤을 초래한다고 지적하고, 또 페미니즘의 역사를 단일한 연대기로 재현함으로써 페미니즘의 역동성을 억압한다고 비판한다.
Abstract
This essay, presenting a critical reflection upon the discourse of postfeminism mainly unfolded in the US and partly in UK during the past three decades, attempts to understand the historical formation of the contemporary feminist agendas and contribute to expand the feminist knowledge. Firstly, this study examines multiple contexts of postfeminism and their surrounding controversies to offer roughly five major definitions of it. Secondly, the Third Wave feminism is discussed in detail in terms of its theoretical reaction against the prevalent postfeminist drive and also its unwitting complicity with it. Next, two notable characteristics of postfeminism are recognized: postfeminism invokes a new young generation of girls, and postfeminism manifests a mode of historiography. Postfeminism, in short, functions as a discursive technology in which a generational unit of female subjectivity is constituted and also a linear and unified model of feminist history is facilitated. Postfeminism, I argue, becomes to be porous and unpersuasive both as a generation-based subject theory and a mode of historiography and, due to its oversimplification, ends up impoverishing radical potential of feminism.
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