중증장애인 지원고용에서의 직업평가에 관한 고찰
A Study on Vocational Evaluation in Supported Employment for the Severely Disabled
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초록
직업재활은 3단계 발전을 해왔으며, 이에 따라 평가 패러다임(paradigm)도 변화를 거쳤고, 최근의 장애의 중증화, 중복화, 다양화에 대응하여 인지 프로세스적 접근, 생태학적 및 현직평가 중심으로 발전하고 있다. 지원고용모델에 있어서 중증장애인의 평가는 개인의 평가실제에 대한 적극적인 고려와 직무와 관련되는 개인의 능력뿐 만 아니라 작업장의 성격이나 환경까지를 고려하는 총체적(wholistic) 생태학적 평가체계에 초점을 맞추어야 한다. 생태학적인 직업평가모델은 측정(measurements), 자료 분석(data analysis), 결정(decision making)으로 구성된 개념으로, 개인의 능력을 측정하는데 관심이 있다. 전통적인 직업평가모델은 장애인 능력과 직무와 관련된 요소의 측정을 강조하고 있으나 지원고용에서의 생태학적 직업평가는 개인적인 능력뿐만 아니라 사회적인 상황이나 물리적, 사회적, 조직적 및 관계적 변수, 목표적응, 체계관리나 변화특질, 교통과 활용할 수 외적 자극 등과 같은 생태학적 및 종합적 측정을 강조한다. 즉 직무환경 외에 외부 환경적인 자극도 지역사회의 직무배치에서 활용도를 결정할 수 있는 요인이 되므로 이러한 것들에 대한 총괄적인 평가가 이루어져야 한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the job evaluation in supported employment for the severely disabled through document analysis, which was specifically focused on the transition of the evaluation paradigm according to the development process of vocational rehabilitation and ecological evaluation of the supported employment program and the ecological evaluation model. Vocational rehabilitation has been developed through three steps, according to which the assessment paradigm has also changed and is developing with focus on the cognitive process approach, ecological and current job assessment to cope with recent severity, duplication and diversification. The evaluation of the severely disabled in the supported employment model should be focused not only on the positive aspects of the personal evaluation reality and the individual ability related to job but also holistic, ecological estimation system considering the nature and environment of the workplace. The ecological job assessment model is composed of measurement, data analysis, and decision making, which concerns itself with the measurement of individual ability. The original job evaluation model emphasizes the measurement of the elements related to the ability and the job of person with disability, on the other hand, the ecological job evaluation in the supported employment emphasized individual ability as well as the ecological and comprehensive measurement such as social circumstances, physical and social organization and relative variables, goal adjustment , system management and traffic and applicable and external stimulation, etc. Namely, job environment as well as external and environmental stimulation can become the factor to decide application in job placement of the community. Therefore, comprehensive evaluation should be performed.
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