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수영이 고기능 자폐장애 아동의 상동행동에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Swimming Program on Stereotyped Behaviors in Children with High- Functioning Autism

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초록

자폐성 장애의 진단적 특성 가운데 하나인 상동행동은 자폐성 장애를 가진 아동들의 행동 가운데 상당한 비율을 차지하므로 학문적, 사회적 참여와 상호작용을 방해하는 요인으로 작용한다. 그러므로 많은 연구자들이 중재의 필요성을 주장하는 행동이다. 따라서 본 연구는 12주간의 수영 프로그램에 참여한 고기능 자폐장애 아동을 대상으로 이들이 나타내는 상동행동의 지속시간과 빈도의 변화를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였으며 대상간 중다기초선 설계를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 모두 D초등학교에 재학 중이며 소아청소년 정신과에서 고기능 자폐장애로 진단받은 남자 아동 2명이었다. 두 아동 모두 뚜렷한 상동행동을 보이며 이와 관련한 약물치료의 경험이 없는 아동이었다. 연구의 결과, 대상 아동 모두 중재기간 동안 상동행동의 지속시간과 빈도가 감소했으며 추후의 관찰에서도 중재기간 동안 감소된 상동행동의 지속시간과 빈도가 유지되었음을 알 수 있었다.

Abstract

Stereotyped behaviors are one of diagnostic features of autism and that behaviors do not decrease without intervention. therefore, this study was planed to find intervention which does not need a complicated procedure to reduce stereotyped behaviors in children with high-functioning autism. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of the swimming program on stereotyped behaviors in children with high-functioning autism. The study included 2 children with high-functioning autism who were diagnosed as high-functioning autism by a psychiatrist. Children received swimming program instruction three times per week for 12 weeks. Stereotyped behaviors were assessed at baseline, intervention, follow-up. In order to examine the influence of swimming program, frequency and duration of stereotyped behaviors were measured and multi-baseline design across participants was used. Stereotyped behaviors of baseline, intervention, follow-up stages were measured by interval recording and duration recording. The result of this study is as follows: intervention stage's frequency of stereotyped behaviors decreased from baseline levels. intervention stage's duration of stereotyped behaviors decreased from baseline levels. interestingly, after 2 weeks of no intervention, frequency and duration of stereotyped behaviors remained decreased compared to intervention stage. In short, the swimming program was effective for consistently reducing stereotyped behaviors in children with high-functioning autism.

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